IT widens Economical and Social inequalities in India

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IT widens Economical and Social inequalities in India


In the underdeveloped countries the common man is poor, illiterate and concerned with the basics of survival; more than four-fifths of his income is spent on food alone. He is hungry, undernourished, and diseases such as malaria, sleeping sickness, and cholera are his constant companions. Children suffer more than adults; kwashiorkor and parasitic diseases claim many of their lives before they reach the age of ten. Only abut 40% of the children complete primary school. []


Poverty is the worlds most ruthless killer and the greatest cause of suffering on earth. It wields its destructive influence at every stage of human life, and contributes significantly to reduced life expectancy, handicap and disability


Table 60 Economic inequalities in selected countries of the Region


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Country Population below national poverty line (,) Inequality in Income or consumption (4) Inequality in Income (5)


Percent Year Gini indexa Percent share of Income or cosumption by lowest 10 % Percent share of Income of consumption by highest 10 % year Percent share of women in earned income (latest available year)


Bangladesh 46.0 15 8. 4.1 .7 1 .8b


India 5.0 1-4 .7 4.1 5.0 14 1.b


India still has the worlds largest number of poor people in a single country. Of its nearly 1 billion inhabitants, an estimated 50-400 million are below the poverty line, and 75% of them live in rural areas. The main causes of poverty are illiteracy, a population growth rate for the better part of the past 50 years, projectionist policies pursued since 147 to 11, which prevented large amounts of foreign investment in the country.


Shake off backwards image with IT advancement and Nuclear capabilities


Papers before us show that within the next seven or eight years, the number of Indians engaged in IT will soar to over a million, that the income generated in the IT sector will exceed Rs. 80,000 crore, that IT related exports will rise to $ 50 billion, and, as everybody now knows, Indian brain-power will emerge as the most-sought after resource on the IT market.


IT will not be giving them jobs so much as giving them better jobs. Most worrying is that all this could enhance inequalities and distort income distribution. I say this not to discourage progress in IT but to caution against euphoria. Our society, needs not only growth but growth with social justice. Growing inequalities are not compatible with the democratic order. And so, as IT revolution is fuelled, we must concern ourselves with how the fruits of that revolution can be shared between those in the forefront of the revolution and those less fortunate.


What should be a matter of concern is the benefits of Information Technology may go only to the rich and thus increasing disparity between the rich and the poor.


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Socio-economic consequences


Even more serious than the physical consequences of expected scarcities are the potential social consequences. As is already quite evident worldwide, industrial growth can, and is taking place with virtually no increase in the demand for labor. Improved agricultural implements and expanded availiability of tractors and mechanical threshers and harvesters, has meant that there has also been little growth in the demand for agricultural labour. Since most of the population growth in India is taking place amongst those who will have the least skills when entering the job market - India is likely to be inundated with either completely illiterate or poorly schooled youth and children in a stagnant or pehaps even shrinking job market. The social consequences could be simply devastating - and to some extent hints of this impending crisis are already visible in the slums of our metros.


More and more children from the slums are being pushed into the job market as their parents find it impossible to feed their families. Village youth and young adults from poor and desperate villages migrate to the cities to compete with the existing pool of unskilled workers for a very limited supply of service-sector jobs. Wages are pushed down and in the long run could head to near-starvation levels even as per-capita city budgets for social spending are cut. Even when allocations for social spending are made, little of the money sanctioned is actually spent on the poor. As their numbers explode, the bargaining power of these desperately poor slum dwellers diminishes to the point where they cannot exercise any control on corrupt officials cheating them out of the few schemes the government runs in their name.


Hawkers+Pavement dwellers+ slums+ rural ppl


Conclusion But an army of poor and unemployed cannot be expected to tolerate their miseries for ever. In the absence of strong social organizations that represent the interests of the poor and


help build a more humane and just society - their seething discontent could manifest itself in many unexpected and unpleasant ways. While some may take to petty or violent crime, others may let out their frustrations in sudden and volcanic explosions of social discontent





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