We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Frozen even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Frozen in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Frozen Moments
A picture is a very nice way for people to capture a moment in time. There can be many reasons for snapping a picture. Happiness is one of the most prolific motivations for pictures to be taken. The thing about pictures is they are one dimensional, they do not explain such things as emotion or time.
In this picture we can see that there is two people, a man and a woman. They are standing in a manner in which they seem to be more than plutonic friends. They both have smiles on their faces a mile long. At first glance it seems these people have a tremendous amount of love for each other.
The man is wearing an outfit that today may be seen on any young male walking down the street. His outfit is in the form of tee shirt and jeans. The shirt is baby blue with an urban depiction of a young African male playing basketball. His pants are dark blue. Dark blue like the deepest point of the ocean. One of the pant legs has a cuff and the other does not. Some people may imply that this is a sign that the man is involved in some gang or something, which is not true at all. His shoes look like most popular shoes of today. They have a color scheme of white trimmed in navy blue. From the picture they look like a size ten or eleven. His eyes are looking at the woman he is embracing like a mother looks at a child, or a guy at a new car. We can see he loves this woman. The love he has for this woman can never be captured in one quick snapshot from a camera.
The woman is dressed much more simpler. She has on a dress covered in flowers. The flowers are so abundant some actually overlap each other. Her hair has been done up to perfection. She may have done it herself but more likely she has had a professional handle the appearance of her hair. She has her arms embraced around the guy’s neck with intentions never to let him go. By her embrace you can see she has as much love for him as he does for her.
The problem with pictures is, even though we can see how much these two obviously love each other there is no indication of why, or how long they gave felt this way. When viewing pictures there is no fast forward or rewind button. With pictures we can capture a moment in time. Unfortunately they are frozen moments in time.
Mind that the sample papers like Frozen presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Showing posts with label sample research paper. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sample research paper. Show all posts
Monday, 1 April 2013
Wednesday, 23 January 2013
MAN
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like MAN even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like MAN in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
When you are asked to do a rhetorical analysis of a text, you are being asked to apply your critical reading skills to break down the whole of the text into the sum of its parts. You try to determine what the writer is trying to achieve, and what writing strategies he/she is using to try to achieve it.
I think if you were to ask a elderly person their opinion on divorce they would probably say something like, “ In my day it was unheard of”. In this essay Noel Perrin tells about his divorce, and his theory on what caused it to happen. What Perrin basically says is that some couple don’t last for the simple fact they spend to much time together. The fact that they are seeing too much of that other person is making it that they are getting to comfortable around each other. That causes them to stop doing the things that a normal husband and wife would do for each other. In his essay he gives a situation on how a husband and wife gets divorced. Then he gives an example on their post divorce relationship. He does this to show the reader the difference in how they act when they don’t see each other twenty-four hours a day. Perrin says, “ What they have achieved post-divorce is what their marriage should have been like inn the first place“ (Perrin 40).
I have never been married, but my parents were at one time. Their marriage was not perfect, but it was not horrible either. They ended up separating after about seven years. What I noticed about their marriage is totally different than what Perrin is saying. My parents post divorce relationship was way worse than their actually marriage. It was not the fact that they were around each other too much they just had some problems they could not work out. In Perrin case it might have been that he and his wife were seeing too much of each other but, I think that the person that you marry you should never get tired of being around. When you find your life partner I think it should be someone that you are absolutely sure you can spend the rest of our life with.
Mind that the sample papers like MAN presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
When you are asked to do a rhetorical analysis of a text, you are being asked to apply your critical reading skills to break down the whole of the text into the sum of its parts. You try to determine what the writer is trying to achieve, and what writing strategies he/she is using to try to achieve it.
I think if you were to ask a elderly person their opinion on divorce they would probably say something like, “ In my day it was unheard of”. In this essay Noel Perrin tells about his divorce, and his theory on what caused it to happen. What Perrin basically says is that some couple don’t last for the simple fact they spend to much time together. The fact that they are seeing too much of that other person is making it that they are getting to comfortable around each other. That causes them to stop doing the things that a normal husband and wife would do for each other. In his essay he gives a situation on how a husband and wife gets divorced. Then he gives an example on their post divorce relationship. He does this to show the reader the difference in how they act when they don’t see each other twenty-four hours a day. Perrin says, “ What they have achieved post-divorce is what their marriage should have been like inn the first place“ (Perrin 40).
I have never been married, but my parents were at one time. Their marriage was not perfect, but it was not horrible either. They ended up separating after about seven years. What I noticed about their marriage is totally different than what Perrin is saying. My parents post divorce relationship was way worse than their actually marriage. It was not the fact that they were around each other too much they just had some problems they could not work out. In Perrin case it might have been that he and his wife were seeing too much of each other but, I think that the person that you marry you should never get tired of being around. When you find your life partner I think it should be someone that you are absolutely sure you can spend the rest of our life with.
Mind that the sample papers like MAN presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The message
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The message even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The message in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
My mom was invited to go on a cruise with her friends. I’m going to be home alone for two weeks. My mom told me that one of my brothers would call to check up on me often. She also told me not to tell anyone that I’m home alone. Also if I needed any thing go to the neighbors’ house or call one of my brothers. And that I am allowed into the homework chat room by my self-witch almost never happened. When I went to school the next day I was excited and nerves at the same time. I knew my mom was leaving to catch her flight to Florida for the cruise. I wanted to tell somebody that I was alone but I was told not to, so I couldn’t. That afternoon it was weird when I walked into the house, I picked up the phone like would normally do t call my mom at work but when I started to dial I remembered she wasn’t there. So, I hung up and started my homework.
I just finished my homework for Mr. Sprungers’ language arts class. It was about quarter till four. I decided to start on my algebra homework; I had gotten stuck on an equation and needed help. My neighbor wasn’t home, my brothers’ stink at math, and none of my friends where online or didn’t know how to help. The chat room doesn’t open until seven, so I started on my history. I finished it around five-thirty. My science was next that was the easiest. After all of that it was only six-ten. I started my dinner in the microwave to heat it up, after it was warm I went to eat it in front of the TV I don’t normally eat in the living room. I was still waiting for my brother to call to see if I needed a ride to hockey practice or if he was going to take me. No word yet that was a typical Matthew. It was now seven o’clock so I went on the Internet to see if I could get help with the equation that I was having trouble with earlier.
I was in the chat room and out of nowhere this instant message popped up. The screen name didn’t seem familiar to me. And it wasn’t anybody’s in the chat room. It was kind of scary. The instant message had said, “I haven’t talked to you in a long time.” I had no clue who this person was, so I wrote back “who r u¿” he didn’t respond, so that was kind of scary. Then I blocked him so he couldn’t talk to me anymore. The same instant message popped up again I didn’t under stand it I thought I blocked him. Now it said, “I know you’re alone.” With an instinct I looked out he window to see if I could see anybody on the Internet trying to pull a joke on me but I couldn’t see anybody. I wrote back “no I’m not, my older brother is sitting on the couch watching TV.” He wrote back “liar.” After that I logged off immediately.
I tried to get a hold of one of my brothers but neither one had their cell phones were on, Matthew wasn’t home and I don’t know where Donny is. So I thought to my self “maybe one of them are on their way.” I went outside to get all of my gear out of the garage. It is fifteen minutes before practice stated and it takes at least twenty minutes to get there. I called my neighbor to see if she could take me. She said she would be over in a couple seconds. I loaded my gear in the trunk and got into the front seat. It was now ten o’clock and practice started at nine-fifteen. By the time I got into the locker room it was ten after ten. I’m going to be so dead I thought to my self.
As soon as I got onto the ice my coach gave the being late speech it’s the longest speech he could give anybody. He also told me I have ten extra laps after practice. I didn’t dare argue with him. That was the hardest practice yet it just killed me. When I got home there where no messages on the answering machine that’s not normal for my house. I decided to go on the Internet to talk to my friends and to see if I could get help with that equation. After about fifteen minutes I finally had gotten help. When I was ready to sign off an instant message comes up asking, “how was practice?” it was the same person from earlier. I closed it and it came back up now saying, “I know you’re alone.” After I saw that I logged off. I locked all of the doors and went up stairs to get my blankets then went back down stairs, to the living room. I turned on the TV, set the timer on and tried to fall asleep. It felt weird to sleep in an empty house by my self. I kept waking up every few hours, it felt like someone was watching me it was a gut wrenching feeling.
At school the next day none of my friends were there; just Holly that was really weird. After homeroom I went to Algebra, when I had opened my book to get my homework out but a note flew out onto the floor. When I had read the note I could feel my face go pale. The note had said the same thing as the entire instant messages said, “I know your home alone.” I had no clue how that had gotten into my book unless someone was in the house last night last night. I had gotten this feeling in my stomach the kind of feeling like the gut wrenching feeling, some things wrong I know, but I don’t know what. After first period I went to the office to ask if I could use the phone but I had to explain my situation first (I’m not sure if they believed me or not). I called my neighbor and ask her if she could check on my house to see if theirs something wrong. When she has called back she had said everything was the way I had left it excepted for the computer, she said it had said, “I know you’re alone.” I asked her if she could take me to the police station? She said she would be there in five minutes.
I had told the police my story; they said they would go to my house to see if they could find any type of prints. The only prints they found were from my families’ and mine. They supposed the perpetrator was wearing gloves.
Tina took me back to school, when I got back it was the middle of fourth period, Mr. Spurngers’ language arts class. When I walked in Maria and Jamie where back, I didn’t bother to ask where they where this morning. But they had asked me where I was, but I couldn’t tell them I don’t think they would believe me anyway. During lunch all of the rest of my friends where back too, this is starting to get really weird. It was deftly quite at lunch that day that was very abnormal for us.
When I got off the bus I headed to Tina’s house I had told her I was not going to any practices tonight. After that I sat down at the table and started to do my homework. When I was done it was just in time for Dr. Phil. The episode was all about how to be safe on the Internet; I thought it was strange because of recent events. We ate dinner around nine-thirty, because Tina’s boyfriend had gotten home late. After dinner Tina and I went to take one of the dogs for a walk. While she was walking Baby I notice a shadowy figure walk right into my house. I had showed Tina, and we used my cell phone to call the police. They where there with in two minutes. They went through the front door and found the perpetrator on the computer typing something. The police had bought him outside and had him on the ground handcuffing him. They had put him into the back of the squad car. They had told me that I was not the only teenager that this guy had done it to. They told me that he taps the phones then hunts the people and in some cases he had broken into the houses. He also told me that not all of them are brave enough to come forward.
After all of that half of the neighbors were standing out side staring at me. I told them all to mind their own business and go back inside. My mom was coming back in two days and I couldn’t wait. The next two days felt pretty normal. But everybody in school had found out some how what had happened the night before. And roomers where flying left and right, but that’s how middle school is, you learn how to deal with it. The next day was pretty much like the last, but today my mom was coming home, I couldn’t wait. When I had come home my mom was at Tina’s so I went over there and she had already told her the whole story. My mom was just happy that I wasn’t hurt. I was glade she was home. Later she called my brothers and they were in so much trouble. I was a just glade thing where back to normal for the most part. Or at least what they where like before the cruise. Or were they?
By Brittany Morgan
Mind that the sample papers like The message presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
My mom was invited to go on a cruise with her friends. I’m going to be home alone for two weeks. My mom told me that one of my brothers would call to check up on me often. She also told me not to tell anyone that I’m home alone. Also if I needed any thing go to the neighbors’ house or call one of my brothers. And that I am allowed into the homework chat room by my self-witch almost never happened. When I went to school the next day I was excited and nerves at the same time. I knew my mom was leaving to catch her flight to Florida for the cruise. I wanted to tell somebody that I was alone but I was told not to, so I couldn’t. That afternoon it was weird when I walked into the house, I picked up the phone like would normally do t call my mom at work but when I started to dial I remembered she wasn’t there. So, I hung up and started my homework.
I just finished my homework for Mr. Sprungers’ language arts class. It was about quarter till four. I decided to start on my algebra homework; I had gotten stuck on an equation and needed help. My neighbor wasn’t home, my brothers’ stink at math, and none of my friends where online or didn’t know how to help. The chat room doesn’t open until seven, so I started on my history. I finished it around five-thirty. My science was next that was the easiest. After all of that it was only six-ten. I started my dinner in the microwave to heat it up, after it was warm I went to eat it in front of the TV I don’t normally eat in the living room. I was still waiting for my brother to call to see if I needed a ride to hockey practice or if he was going to take me. No word yet that was a typical Matthew. It was now seven o’clock so I went on the Internet to see if I could get help with the equation that I was having trouble with earlier.
I was in the chat room and out of nowhere this instant message popped up. The screen name didn’t seem familiar to me. And it wasn’t anybody’s in the chat room. It was kind of scary. The instant message had said, “I haven’t talked to you in a long time.” I had no clue who this person was, so I wrote back “who r u¿” he didn’t respond, so that was kind of scary. Then I blocked him so he couldn’t talk to me anymore. The same instant message popped up again I didn’t under stand it I thought I blocked him. Now it said, “I know you’re alone.” With an instinct I looked out he window to see if I could see anybody on the Internet trying to pull a joke on me but I couldn’t see anybody. I wrote back “no I’m not, my older brother is sitting on the couch watching TV.” He wrote back “liar.” After that I logged off immediately.
I tried to get a hold of one of my brothers but neither one had their cell phones were on, Matthew wasn’t home and I don’t know where Donny is. So I thought to my self “maybe one of them are on their way.” I went outside to get all of my gear out of the garage. It is fifteen minutes before practice stated and it takes at least twenty minutes to get there. I called my neighbor to see if she could take me. She said she would be over in a couple seconds. I loaded my gear in the trunk and got into the front seat. It was now ten o’clock and practice started at nine-fifteen. By the time I got into the locker room it was ten after ten. I’m going to be so dead I thought to my self.
As soon as I got onto the ice my coach gave the being late speech it’s the longest speech he could give anybody. He also told me I have ten extra laps after practice. I didn’t dare argue with him. That was the hardest practice yet it just killed me. When I got home there where no messages on the answering machine that’s not normal for my house. I decided to go on the Internet to talk to my friends and to see if I could get help with that equation. After about fifteen minutes I finally had gotten help. When I was ready to sign off an instant message comes up asking, “how was practice?” it was the same person from earlier. I closed it and it came back up now saying, “I know you’re alone.” After I saw that I logged off. I locked all of the doors and went up stairs to get my blankets then went back down stairs, to the living room. I turned on the TV, set the timer on and tried to fall asleep. It felt weird to sleep in an empty house by my self. I kept waking up every few hours, it felt like someone was watching me it was a gut wrenching feeling.
At school the next day none of my friends were there; just Holly that was really weird. After homeroom I went to Algebra, when I had opened my book to get my homework out but a note flew out onto the floor. When I had read the note I could feel my face go pale. The note had said the same thing as the entire instant messages said, “I know your home alone.” I had no clue how that had gotten into my book unless someone was in the house last night last night. I had gotten this feeling in my stomach the kind of feeling like the gut wrenching feeling, some things wrong I know, but I don’t know what. After first period I went to the office to ask if I could use the phone but I had to explain my situation first (I’m not sure if they believed me or not). I called my neighbor and ask her if she could check on my house to see if theirs something wrong. When she has called back she had said everything was the way I had left it excepted for the computer, she said it had said, “I know you’re alone.” I asked her if she could take me to the police station? She said she would be there in five minutes.
I had told the police my story; they said they would go to my house to see if they could find any type of prints. The only prints they found were from my families’ and mine. They supposed the perpetrator was wearing gloves.
Tina took me back to school, when I got back it was the middle of fourth period, Mr. Spurngers’ language arts class. When I walked in Maria and Jamie where back, I didn’t bother to ask where they where this morning. But they had asked me where I was, but I couldn’t tell them I don’t think they would believe me anyway. During lunch all of the rest of my friends where back too, this is starting to get really weird. It was deftly quite at lunch that day that was very abnormal for us.
When I got off the bus I headed to Tina’s house I had told her I was not going to any practices tonight. After that I sat down at the table and started to do my homework. When I was done it was just in time for Dr. Phil. The episode was all about how to be safe on the Internet; I thought it was strange because of recent events. We ate dinner around nine-thirty, because Tina’s boyfriend had gotten home late. After dinner Tina and I went to take one of the dogs for a walk. While she was walking Baby I notice a shadowy figure walk right into my house. I had showed Tina, and we used my cell phone to call the police. They where there with in two minutes. They went through the front door and found the perpetrator on the computer typing something. The police had bought him outside and had him on the ground handcuffing him. They had put him into the back of the squad car. They had told me that I was not the only teenager that this guy had done it to. They told me that he taps the phones then hunts the people and in some cases he had broken into the houses. He also told me that not all of them are brave enough to come forward.
After all of that half of the neighbors were standing out side staring at me. I told them all to mind their own business and go back inside. My mom was coming back in two days and I couldn’t wait. The next two days felt pretty normal. But everybody in school had found out some how what had happened the night before. And roomers where flying left and right, but that’s how middle school is, you learn how to deal with it. The next day was pretty much like the last, but today my mom was coming home, I couldn’t wait. When I had come home my mom was at Tina’s so I went over there and she had already told her the whole story. My mom was just happy that I wasn’t hurt. I was glade she was home. Later she called my brothers and they were in so much trouble. I was a just glade thing where back to normal for the most part. Or at least what they where like before the cruise. Or were they?
By Brittany Morgan
Mind that the sample papers like The message presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, 22 October 2012
Explore how Miller utilises dramatic structures and devices to help the audience fully appreciate the magnitude of Willy Loman’s tragedy in Death of a Salesman.
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Explore how Miller utilises dramatic structures and devices to help the audience fully appreciate the magnitude of Willy Loman’s tragedy in Death of a Salesman. even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Explore how Miller utilises dramatic structures and devices to help the audience fully appreciate the magnitude of Willy Loman’s tragedy in Death of a Salesman. in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Arthur Miller was born in 115 on October 17th in New York City.
The play “Death of a Salesman” was first called “The Inside of his Head” and Miller established the success of the play in 14 when it first came out. From 156 onwards he was a major dramatist, so Death of a Salesman really brought him his fame for life.
“Death of a Salesman” was and still is a very popular play and has been an enormous success for Arthur Miller because it’s popularity has never gone down hill.
Most of Arthur miller’s ideas for the play we believe came from his own childhood. For instance, in 1(the Great Depression) he remembers being visited by many of his boastful salesman uncles. In the play Willy Loman is a salesman and we find that his brother Ben (uncle to Biff and Happy) is very boastful of his success in becoming a rich man for the rest of his life.
Another example of when Miller may have used his childhood as a link to the play is that he spent most of his younger life doing various jobs to pay for his college fees when really he wasn’t all that bright and was far more of an athlete (like Biff because he tried to get on with college but it didn’t work for him as he is much more athletic and sporty).
The play is very sad and Miller we know had a very sad life because he was brought up around post World War II atmosphere and the Great Depression so the play sort of reflects his life and his feelings at the time.
“Death of a Salesman” is a tragedy because Willy Loman is the cause of his own death and the tragedy of the play is built up and up to make it more of a definite sad death and finish to the play. The Requiem really rounds this whole idea of death and tragedy off.
The American Dream I feel also has some kind of Millers feelings on his own life in it because Miller’s success only really came when he changed what he was doing to what he realised he was good at. I think that Willy Loman is also a reflection of what Miller feels he could have turned out like himself if he had carried on the way he was before he began to write plays. Also, Miller didn’t get much support from his father (e.g. to pay college fees) and nor did Willy because in fact he doesn’t remember his dad. Miller is trying to it across that for Willy it was actually quite like having no father at all and the same for himself.
Arthur Miller has shown very clearly that his play is a tragedy because Willy Loman has spent his whole life trying to live up to his older brother and gets nowhere at all in the end. Ben tells Willy again and again that he needs to do something to get somewhere. But Willy continues to waste time trying to become a highly respected and fairly wealthy salesman, even though it is quite clear that he is getting nowhere. Willy refuses to see this though. He knows that it’s true because whenever anyone tries to talk to him about it he gets angry and upset. He won’t accept it though. He believes that if he just carries on doing what he is doing then maybe there still will be some hope that he will do well. Then he can prove to everyone that if you keep at something sometimes and work hard to get what you want, you finally get it even if it’s not straight away.
The other characters in the play begin to see he’s loosing it and is never going to succeed along time before Willy does. Charley tries to talk to Willy about it but Willy thinks too highly of himself to listen. Charley offers him a job and says, “I don’t see any sense in it. You don’t have to go this way.”
But Willy just answers back, “I got a good job.”
Willy doesn’t see past what he does and what he has always done. He doesn’t even try to see himself doing anything else
Linda also tries to talk to Willy about it. She doesn’t want him to necessarily get another job she just thinks that he should be closer to home so that he doesn’t have to keep doing as much. Linda doesn’t say this because she’s worried about Willy but doesn’t want him to know this. She also misses him a lot and that’s why she would like him nearer to her. In the conversation between Willy and Linda she says, “Well you’ll just have to take a rest, Willy, you can’t continue this way.”
She says, “…Talk to them again. There’s no reason why you can’t work in New York.”
Willy says, “They don’t need me in New York. I am the New England man. I’m vital in New England.”
Linda replies, “But you’re sixty years old. They can’t expect you to keep travelling every week.” Willy just dismisses this comment from Linda. Linda tries again, “Why don’t you just go down to the place tomorrow and tell Howard you’ve simply got to work in New York?…”
Willy just gives excuses why he should keep at the job and that it’s only because of the old manager left so he can’t be moved up into a higher working atmosphere.
Because of all this Willy is feeling sadder and more depressed in the last two days of his life and this is what finally brings him to his death. It all gets to him and he just can’t take it anymore. This makes it clearly a very tragic death and is made even more so in the requiem when only four people turn up.
I think that the structure of Arthur Millers’ play is very clear because, he has structured the acts well.
In act one all of the action is in the Loman house in Brooklyn. We learn all about the ‘Loman Family’ in this scene and close friends (Charley).
We can see in this scene how the characters act around different people and what their habits are. Like when Willy and Linda talk about ‘the cheese’ Linda says, “Willy, dear, I got a new kind of American-type cheese today. It’s whipped.”
Willy replies, “Why did you get American when I like Swiss?”
Linda tries again, “I just thought you’d like a change � “
But Willy continues to argue, “I don’t want a change! I want Swiss cheese…”
This shows that Willy doesn’t like things to be different. He prefers things just the way they are. He can’t handle change, it confuses him too much. I think that this is why when Charley offers him a job it’s not just because he’s too proud to take it, it’s also because he wouldn’t be able to handle the different atmosphere it would all be far too much for him to take on.
We see in act 1 also that Willy has flashbacks and we see the contrast between the past and present. We see why Willy is so nervous and gets angry with himself around Linda for being like this. It is because of the affair with the woman. Little things set off his feelings like this e.g. Linda is darning the stockings and it reminds him of when he bought some for ‘the woman’ and he feels guilty seeing Linda do this when he knows he should have bought her them, not ‘the woman’.
We can also see in this act very clearly how Willy prefers Biff to Happy, yet we are unsure why.
In Act two the Loman family a bit further on from the flashbacks.
Howard is successful and Willy is not. Ben begins to appear more, but only to Willy and not as a flashback. Willy confides in Ben a lot in this Act.
In this Act we can finally see why characters acted as they did in Act one around different people e.g. we find out that Biff knows about Willys affair and that is why Willy favours him more than Happy because he don’t want Biff telling Linda. We see that the Loman family lie to each other all the time (dramatic irony) and that is why there is so much tension between them all. Part of the reason why Willy kills himself is because he knows he is just living a lie and ‘the truth hurts’.
In the requiem we can see who really did know Willy Loman the best, because Linda (who thought she knew him best) actually sees herself, that she obviously didn’t because, she has no idea why he did it.
We can also see, what they are going to do now, what paths they are going to take e.g. Happy wants to live up to Willy, but Biff is going to stop doing this.
Arthur Miller has made the play very clear on where the past and present are. This was obviously his main idea because if it weren’t clear, then when the play was acted out, it would not be easy to understand, the contrast of past and present.
An example of ‘melting together of past and present, is where Willy has a flashback of ‘the woman’ in the past, when they are in the car. ‘The woman’ says, “…and thanks for the stockings. I love a lot of stockings…”
Then Willy comes out of the flashback and sees Linda darning stockings in the present. He immediately feels guilty because here is his dear, kind, loving wife Linda mending her old stockings and Willy knows that its her he should have been buying stockings for, not ‘the woman’.
This shows how selfish and uncaring he has been towards Linda and how bad he feels about it now, in the present when he realises it. Also ‘the woman’ says, “…I love a lot of stockings …”
Suggesting she has a lot of stockings, when we can see that Linda has only one pair that she needs to keep, because of this.
Another example is where Willy has a flashback, when he has been with ‘the woman’ again and Biff catches them. Before Biff sees ‘the woman’, he tells Willy, that he has come to him for help, because he knows he is going to flunk Maths. He comes to Willy because he trusts him and believes that his father will help him. Now Biff sees that his father is not trustworthy and that is why they don’t get along in the present.
I like the way that Arthur Miller has ‘melted together’ the past and present using lighting and sounds. You can always tell when a flashback is coming on in Act one, because the flute would start playing (a clear memory that Willy has of his father, perhaps the only memory).
In Act one when a new person is speaking (usually in the house) the lights would dim on the people who were first speaking and light up on the new speaker.
When we are experiencing a flashback of Willy’s leaves appear and buildings disappear to create a clear image of what it was like in the past.
When we watched the play the ‘melting together’ of past and present was made clear by Willy looking in a mirror and turning around to find himself back in the past (a flashback). We found this very clear and easier to understand than in the play written in the book.
Almost every prop in Arthur Millers’ play you could say represents something.
I think that Miller is very cleaver to do this and it’s only when you look more specifically at the play that you begin to notice them more. They are quite hidden and I think that Miller did this purposefully so that we would learn something from it. The props that Miller has used as symbols are pen, table, watch (fob), roads, cars, boats, trains, trees/ plants, leaves, weather, seasons, buildings, countries, tools and success. I think that most of these are really about time, because Willy has spent most of his own lifetime trying to become rich and he hasn’t dome anything else apart from being a salesman to do this and so he has wasted time.
The buildings have changed in time. The trees have gone in time. Ben always says to Willy, “Time Willy time”. Ben took the time he had to become wealthy.
I notice that even though it is nearly all males in the play anyway it is only the men who use the props really.
Biff uses the props above all the characters the most. His two most significant props are the football and the pen, as both did not bring him success, but are about success and achieving your highest goal.
The most important part of the stage design is that when Willy is having his imaginings he always comes to the front of the stage (the apron).
Another property of the design of the stage is that in Act 1 the boys look down on Willy as if he is Low, because he is feeling low or maybe because he is of a low standard in his job. Also the name Loman could also mean something about the lowness of Willy Loman in personal and in financial ways Willy Loman is a low man.
The way that the Loman house is situated and designed also gives us clue of the kind of life they lead even when we first look at it. The tall buildings surrounding the house loom over it also making it seemed cramped and of a lower standard than the flats that are owned by higher and more wealthy people and that’s why they are so tall and lean over Willy making him seem smaller and more unsuccessful. The fact that the Loman house is so cramped makes it seem that all Willy’s problems are making him feel more cramped and crushing him to his death.
In Franks Chop House the boys (Biff and Happy) keep bringing on more alcohol even though Willy is already in a bad state of mind because he is confusing the past with the present. The fact that this scene is set in Franks Chop House makes it seem more real because the boys don’t realise that what they’re actually doing to Willy is bad and he’s practically dead already because they’re not paying any attention to Willy all they’re interested in is ‘the girls’. The scene may also have been set here because this is a good place for Biff and Happy to meet the girls and be distracted by them so that they forget about Willy.
From the title “Death of a Salesman” I can see that Miller was trying to say something. The word “Death” is put first as if to say that the best thing for Willy was for him to be dead because he was getting nowhere. The word “Salesman” is put last to give the impression that the last thing Willy should have been was a salesman.
The audience are captured by the magnitude of “Death of a Salesman” and the tragedy of the piece because most of the incidents that happen in the play actually are everyday things that happen to us as well so the audience find it easy to put themselves in the characters shoes and therefore it is easier to understand and experience the play.
The way that the stage is designed also makes it seem more like you are actually experiencing Arthur Miller’s tragedy yourself because the concept of the whole play is clearer if we can see living conditions and the type of area the Loman family live in.
The Requiem I feel is the most important part of the whole play because it rounds the tragedy off in a kind of way. In the requiem we can all evaluate the meaning of Willy’s life for ourselves.
I think that Arthur Miller’s moral of the play is “Live your life to the full but take a good look at what you are doing to make sure it’s the right thing for you otherwise you will see your whole life go to waste.”
Mind that the sample papers like Explore how Miller utilises dramatic structures and devices to help the audience fully appreciate the magnitude of Willy Loman’s tragedy in Death of a Salesman. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Arthur Miller was born in 115 on October 17th in New York City.
The play “Death of a Salesman” was first called “The Inside of his Head” and Miller established the success of the play in 14 when it first came out. From 156 onwards he was a major dramatist, so Death of a Salesman really brought him his fame for life.
“Death of a Salesman” was and still is a very popular play and has been an enormous success for Arthur Miller because it’s popularity has never gone down hill.
Most of Arthur miller’s ideas for the play we believe came from his own childhood. For instance, in 1(the Great Depression) he remembers being visited by many of his boastful salesman uncles. In the play Willy Loman is a salesman and we find that his brother Ben (uncle to Biff and Happy) is very boastful of his success in becoming a rich man for the rest of his life.
Another example of when Miller may have used his childhood as a link to the play is that he spent most of his younger life doing various jobs to pay for his college fees when really he wasn’t all that bright and was far more of an athlete (like Biff because he tried to get on with college but it didn’t work for him as he is much more athletic and sporty).
The play is very sad and Miller we know had a very sad life because he was brought up around post World War II atmosphere and the Great Depression so the play sort of reflects his life and his feelings at the time.
“Death of a Salesman” is a tragedy because Willy Loman is the cause of his own death and the tragedy of the play is built up and up to make it more of a definite sad death and finish to the play. The Requiem really rounds this whole idea of death and tragedy off.
The American Dream I feel also has some kind of Millers feelings on his own life in it because Miller’s success only really came when he changed what he was doing to what he realised he was good at. I think that Willy Loman is also a reflection of what Miller feels he could have turned out like himself if he had carried on the way he was before he began to write plays. Also, Miller didn’t get much support from his father (e.g. to pay college fees) and nor did Willy because in fact he doesn’t remember his dad. Miller is trying to it across that for Willy it was actually quite like having no father at all and the same for himself.
Arthur Miller has shown very clearly that his play is a tragedy because Willy Loman has spent his whole life trying to live up to his older brother and gets nowhere at all in the end. Ben tells Willy again and again that he needs to do something to get somewhere. But Willy continues to waste time trying to become a highly respected and fairly wealthy salesman, even though it is quite clear that he is getting nowhere. Willy refuses to see this though. He knows that it’s true because whenever anyone tries to talk to him about it he gets angry and upset. He won’t accept it though. He believes that if he just carries on doing what he is doing then maybe there still will be some hope that he will do well. Then he can prove to everyone that if you keep at something sometimes and work hard to get what you want, you finally get it even if it’s not straight away.
The other characters in the play begin to see he’s loosing it and is never going to succeed along time before Willy does. Charley tries to talk to Willy about it but Willy thinks too highly of himself to listen. Charley offers him a job and says, “I don’t see any sense in it. You don’t have to go this way.”
But Willy just answers back, “I got a good job.”
Willy doesn’t see past what he does and what he has always done. He doesn’t even try to see himself doing anything else
Linda also tries to talk to Willy about it. She doesn’t want him to necessarily get another job she just thinks that he should be closer to home so that he doesn’t have to keep doing as much. Linda doesn’t say this because she’s worried about Willy but doesn’t want him to know this. She also misses him a lot and that’s why she would like him nearer to her. In the conversation between Willy and Linda she says, “Well you’ll just have to take a rest, Willy, you can’t continue this way.”
She says, “…Talk to them again. There’s no reason why you can’t work in New York.”
Willy says, “They don’t need me in New York. I am the New England man. I’m vital in New England.”
Linda replies, “But you’re sixty years old. They can’t expect you to keep travelling every week.” Willy just dismisses this comment from Linda. Linda tries again, “Why don’t you just go down to the place tomorrow and tell Howard you’ve simply got to work in New York?…”
Willy just gives excuses why he should keep at the job and that it’s only because of the old manager left so he can’t be moved up into a higher working atmosphere.
Because of all this Willy is feeling sadder and more depressed in the last two days of his life and this is what finally brings him to his death. It all gets to him and he just can’t take it anymore. This makes it clearly a very tragic death and is made even more so in the requiem when only four people turn up.
I think that the structure of Arthur Millers’ play is very clear because, he has structured the acts well.
In act one all of the action is in the Loman house in Brooklyn. We learn all about the ‘Loman Family’ in this scene and close friends (Charley).
We can see in this scene how the characters act around different people and what their habits are. Like when Willy and Linda talk about ‘the cheese’ Linda says, “Willy, dear, I got a new kind of American-type cheese today. It’s whipped.”
Willy replies, “Why did you get American when I like Swiss?”
Linda tries again, “I just thought you’d like a change � “
But Willy continues to argue, “I don’t want a change! I want Swiss cheese…”
This shows that Willy doesn’t like things to be different. He prefers things just the way they are. He can’t handle change, it confuses him too much. I think that this is why when Charley offers him a job it’s not just because he’s too proud to take it, it’s also because he wouldn’t be able to handle the different atmosphere it would all be far too much for him to take on.
We see in act 1 also that Willy has flashbacks and we see the contrast between the past and present. We see why Willy is so nervous and gets angry with himself around Linda for being like this. It is because of the affair with the woman. Little things set off his feelings like this e.g. Linda is darning the stockings and it reminds him of when he bought some for ‘the woman’ and he feels guilty seeing Linda do this when he knows he should have bought her them, not ‘the woman’.
We can also see in this act very clearly how Willy prefers Biff to Happy, yet we are unsure why.
In Act two the Loman family a bit further on from the flashbacks.
Howard is successful and Willy is not. Ben begins to appear more, but only to Willy and not as a flashback. Willy confides in Ben a lot in this Act.
In this Act we can finally see why characters acted as they did in Act one around different people e.g. we find out that Biff knows about Willys affair and that is why Willy favours him more than Happy because he don’t want Biff telling Linda. We see that the Loman family lie to each other all the time (dramatic irony) and that is why there is so much tension between them all. Part of the reason why Willy kills himself is because he knows he is just living a lie and ‘the truth hurts’.
In the requiem we can see who really did know Willy Loman the best, because Linda (who thought she knew him best) actually sees herself, that she obviously didn’t because, she has no idea why he did it.
We can also see, what they are going to do now, what paths they are going to take e.g. Happy wants to live up to Willy, but Biff is going to stop doing this.
Arthur Miller has made the play very clear on where the past and present are. This was obviously his main idea because if it weren’t clear, then when the play was acted out, it would not be easy to understand, the contrast of past and present.
An example of ‘melting together of past and present, is where Willy has a flashback of ‘the woman’ in the past, when they are in the car. ‘The woman’ says, “…and thanks for the stockings. I love a lot of stockings…”
Then Willy comes out of the flashback and sees Linda darning stockings in the present. He immediately feels guilty because here is his dear, kind, loving wife Linda mending her old stockings and Willy knows that its her he should have been buying stockings for, not ‘the woman’.
This shows how selfish and uncaring he has been towards Linda and how bad he feels about it now, in the present when he realises it. Also ‘the woman’ says, “…I love a lot of stockings …”
Suggesting she has a lot of stockings, when we can see that Linda has only one pair that she needs to keep, because of this.
Another example is where Willy has a flashback, when he has been with ‘the woman’ again and Biff catches them. Before Biff sees ‘the woman’, he tells Willy, that he has come to him for help, because he knows he is going to flunk Maths. He comes to Willy because he trusts him and believes that his father will help him. Now Biff sees that his father is not trustworthy and that is why they don’t get along in the present.
I like the way that Arthur Miller has ‘melted together’ the past and present using lighting and sounds. You can always tell when a flashback is coming on in Act one, because the flute would start playing (a clear memory that Willy has of his father, perhaps the only memory).
In Act one when a new person is speaking (usually in the house) the lights would dim on the people who were first speaking and light up on the new speaker.
When we are experiencing a flashback of Willy’s leaves appear and buildings disappear to create a clear image of what it was like in the past.
When we watched the play the ‘melting together’ of past and present was made clear by Willy looking in a mirror and turning around to find himself back in the past (a flashback). We found this very clear and easier to understand than in the play written in the book.
Almost every prop in Arthur Millers’ play you could say represents something.
I think that Miller is very cleaver to do this and it’s only when you look more specifically at the play that you begin to notice them more. They are quite hidden and I think that Miller did this purposefully so that we would learn something from it. The props that Miller has used as symbols are pen, table, watch (fob), roads, cars, boats, trains, trees/ plants, leaves, weather, seasons, buildings, countries, tools and success. I think that most of these are really about time, because Willy has spent most of his own lifetime trying to become rich and he hasn’t dome anything else apart from being a salesman to do this and so he has wasted time.
The buildings have changed in time. The trees have gone in time. Ben always says to Willy, “Time Willy time”. Ben took the time he had to become wealthy.
I notice that even though it is nearly all males in the play anyway it is only the men who use the props really.
Biff uses the props above all the characters the most. His two most significant props are the football and the pen, as both did not bring him success, but are about success and achieving your highest goal.
The most important part of the stage design is that when Willy is having his imaginings he always comes to the front of the stage (the apron).
Another property of the design of the stage is that in Act 1 the boys look down on Willy as if he is Low, because he is feeling low or maybe because he is of a low standard in his job. Also the name Loman could also mean something about the lowness of Willy Loman in personal and in financial ways Willy Loman is a low man.
The way that the Loman house is situated and designed also gives us clue of the kind of life they lead even when we first look at it. The tall buildings surrounding the house loom over it also making it seemed cramped and of a lower standard than the flats that are owned by higher and more wealthy people and that’s why they are so tall and lean over Willy making him seem smaller and more unsuccessful. The fact that the Loman house is so cramped makes it seem that all Willy’s problems are making him feel more cramped and crushing him to his death.
In Franks Chop House the boys (Biff and Happy) keep bringing on more alcohol even though Willy is already in a bad state of mind because he is confusing the past with the present. The fact that this scene is set in Franks Chop House makes it seem more real because the boys don’t realise that what they’re actually doing to Willy is bad and he’s practically dead already because they’re not paying any attention to Willy all they’re interested in is ‘the girls’. The scene may also have been set here because this is a good place for Biff and Happy to meet the girls and be distracted by them so that they forget about Willy.
From the title “Death of a Salesman” I can see that Miller was trying to say something. The word “Death” is put first as if to say that the best thing for Willy was for him to be dead because he was getting nowhere. The word “Salesman” is put last to give the impression that the last thing Willy should have been was a salesman.
The audience are captured by the magnitude of “Death of a Salesman” and the tragedy of the piece because most of the incidents that happen in the play actually are everyday things that happen to us as well so the audience find it easy to put themselves in the characters shoes and therefore it is easier to understand and experience the play.
The way that the stage is designed also makes it seem more like you are actually experiencing Arthur Miller’s tragedy yourself because the concept of the whole play is clearer if we can see living conditions and the type of area the Loman family live in.
The Requiem I feel is the most important part of the whole play because it rounds the tragedy off in a kind of way. In the requiem we can all evaluate the meaning of Willy’s life for ourselves.
I think that Arthur Miller’s moral of the play is “Live your life to the full but take a good look at what you are doing to make sure it’s the right thing for you otherwise you will see your whole life go to waste.”
Mind that the sample papers like Explore how Miller utilises dramatic structures and devices to help the audience fully appreciate the magnitude of Willy Loman’s tragedy in Death of a Salesman. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, 27 September 2012
A disease called love
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like A disease called love even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like A disease called love in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
A Disease Called Love
A parasite is an organism that grows and takes shelter in a host organism while contributing nothing to its survival. Many types of parasites roam the earth in a desperate search for a host to leech onto, but perhaps the most common type of parasite, that has at one time or another affected even the healthiest of souls, is the love parasite. Everyday someone is afflicted with the crippling, parasitic disease of love. Endearment grows and feeds mercilessly on two people but does not provide any real sustenance. Ardor is not a basic need, such as food and shelter. Nonetheless, love wiggles its way into the blood stream and affects people in a way strikingly similar to another parasitic disease; malaria.
Both malaria and love are caused by a single bite. The mosquito carries plasmodium falciparum nestled in its belly, and when it bites into the tender flesh of a person the parasite is transferred into the host’s blood stream. The love bug acts in a similar fashion, picking out victims indiscriminately. The symptoms of malaria and love are evident about the same times. The symptoms of malaria begin from eight days to four weeks and love, behaves similarly. Boy meets girl, and in as little as eight days for the romantics on earth, love is burning. For the more conservative, reserved at heart, love’s sharp kiss can be stayed for a whole month. Still, just as malaria cannot be curbed, neither can love once a person has been bit.
After the parasites have leaked into the sufferers from the bite, the symptoms of malaria and love that erupt are unmistakably paralleled. With malaria comes fever, shaking, chills, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, nausea, mental confusion and in the end, if left untreated, even death. Love is no different. Often, love is accompanied with a ticklish heat that slinks up the length of the lover’s body until his or her cheeks burn with a feverish rubicund glow. Then comes the shaking, chills, and aches when the recipient of the victim’s love comes into view. The tiredness is related to the lovers’ desire to spend every minute of every hour together, and only fatigue can result from such relentlessness. The mental confusion, results from a thick fog of love that settles over the victim’s mind like a car’s windshield, left outdoors on a chilly night. Often love sufferers are so confused that they forget their priorities, as their brains grow thick with noxious love fumes.
The symptoms of love and malaria are too severe to be ignored, and so their similar cures are very important. Malaria’s cure is gradual, and if the disease is not diagnosed early, death often precedes. Usually however, medication is prescribed to the sufferer and gradually (if the pills are taken daily) the malaria can be cured. To cure love, a similar process must be used. As with malaria, if love is not acknowledged as a disease early on, eventually the fatal ‘heartbreak’ results. After heartbreak the love victim is not the same, the person they were formerly is dead. Death can be avoided however in the much the same way malaria is, by consciously staying grounded every day. The ‘pills’ in the case of love are metaphorical and represent the act of reminding oneself (everyday) not to get carried away and lost in the disease of love.
The diseases of love and malaria, strikingly similar, reflect each other in many ways. Their beginnings, middles, and ends are very much alike. Their only difference is the level of danger. Malaria is less dangerous because it is caught only in certain areas; love on the other hand lurks in every nook and cranny of the world. Besides this slight difference, malaria and love are so similar they are actually mistaken with each other; and so to avoid any embarrassing situations before proposal seeing a doctor for a malaria check-up would be wise.
Mind that the sample papers like A disease called love presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
A Disease Called Love
A parasite is an organism that grows and takes shelter in a host organism while contributing nothing to its survival. Many types of parasites roam the earth in a desperate search for a host to leech onto, but perhaps the most common type of parasite, that has at one time or another affected even the healthiest of souls, is the love parasite. Everyday someone is afflicted with the crippling, parasitic disease of love. Endearment grows and feeds mercilessly on two people but does not provide any real sustenance. Ardor is not a basic need, such as food and shelter. Nonetheless, love wiggles its way into the blood stream and affects people in a way strikingly similar to another parasitic disease; malaria.
Both malaria and love are caused by a single bite. The mosquito carries plasmodium falciparum nestled in its belly, and when it bites into the tender flesh of a person the parasite is transferred into the host’s blood stream. The love bug acts in a similar fashion, picking out victims indiscriminately. The symptoms of malaria and love are evident about the same times. The symptoms of malaria begin from eight days to four weeks and love, behaves similarly. Boy meets girl, and in as little as eight days for the romantics on earth, love is burning. For the more conservative, reserved at heart, love’s sharp kiss can be stayed for a whole month. Still, just as malaria cannot be curbed, neither can love once a person has been bit.
After the parasites have leaked into the sufferers from the bite, the symptoms of malaria and love that erupt are unmistakably paralleled. With malaria comes fever, shaking, chills, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, nausea, mental confusion and in the end, if left untreated, even death. Love is no different. Often, love is accompanied with a ticklish heat that slinks up the length of the lover’s body until his or her cheeks burn with a feverish rubicund glow. Then comes the shaking, chills, and aches when the recipient of the victim’s love comes into view. The tiredness is related to the lovers’ desire to spend every minute of every hour together, and only fatigue can result from such relentlessness. The mental confusion, results from a thick fog of love that settles over the victim’s mind like a car’s windshield, left outdoors on a chilly night. Often love sufferers are so confused that they forget their priorities, as their brains grow thick with noxious love fumes.
The symptoms of love and malaria are too severe to be ignored, and so their similar cures are very important. Malaria’s cure is gradual, and if the disease is not diagnosed early, death often precedes. Usually however, medication is prescribed to the sufferer and gradually (if the pills are taken daily) the malaria can be cured. To cure love, a similar process must be used. As with malaria, if love is not acknowledged as a disease early on, eventually the fatal ‘heartbreak’ results. After heartbreak the love victim is not the same, the person they were formerly is dead. Death can be avoided however in the much the same way malaria is, by consciously staying grounded every day. The ‘pills’ in the case of love are metaphorical and represent the act of reminding oneself (everyday) not to get carried away and lost in the disease of love.
The diseases of love and malaria, strikingly similar, reflect each other in many ways. Their beginnings, middles, and ends are very much alike. Their only difference is the level of danger. Malaria is less dangerous because it is caught only in certain areas; love on the other hand lurks in every nook and cranny of the world. Besides this slight difference, malaria and love are so similar they are actually mistaken with each other; and so to avoid any embarrassing situations before proposal seeing a doctor for a malaria check-up would be wise.
Mind that the sample papers like A disease called love presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday, 12 August 2012
economic condition
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like economic condition even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like economic condition in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Economic Condition
Economy from anywhere it could be from the United States or even from the UK it self. Can have a huge impact on the firm. The main economical influences on a firm are-
1) Inflation
) Exchange rates
) Unemployment
4) Interest rates
1) inflation
In some things the price of them could go up. It’s because prices in things when time past generally goes up. For example a time piece costing £1000 today mite go up to £1050 in about a years time, But that is if they area no scratches and it’s in a perfect condition.
)Exchange Rates
Exchange Rates is the rate of exchange between currencies in different countries for example. £1 is worth about $10 in Hong Kong.
)Unemployment
Unemployment is a amount of people who are unemployed but are willing to work and that are actually looking for work or that they can work but they can’t find any. But it could be lots more reasons too.
4)Interest rate
Interest rate is the way that bank makes money. What they do is when people needs money to buy a house or a car they will need money so they get loan from a bank. The bank will lend them money but they want a repayment in a certain amount of time and they also want another amount of money which is called interest. So for example if a person borrows £1000 to buy a car they mite have to pay back £1100 back to the bank. So that is 10% on the interest rate.
But people can also befit from interest rates too. Because if some one or company puts their saving in a bank they will get interest from it. If they keep the money in a certain amount of time. Could be something like half a year to a year. And the more you pay in the more you will get back from the bank.
Inflation
Inflation can have affects on businesses too and below I have listed some of the different types of inflation.
1) Cost of raw material
) Sales will go down
) Further consequences-
• Reduce costs,
• Lower wages,
• Dismiss some staff,
• Eventually bankrupt
Interest rates (increase)
Interest rates can have a affect on a company too. That shows anything can small can have a big effect on a business. That why it is hard to have your own business. Below I have listed different types of interest rates-
• Firms cost of borrowing will increase also that means less likely to invest in new equipment.
• Consumers will spend less. A) because they are encouraged to save more so you get better interest rate. So that means they will get more money. Who doesn’t want that B) because more expensive to borrow
Unemployment
Unemployment also has a large affect on a business it’s because if lots of people is unemployed that means they will have no money to spend on the goods that you are selling. So the company will get no money and go bankrupt. Below I have more points on how it can affect a business.
• Cost saving to a firm
• Consumers spend less because their wages or income are reduced because they are not working.
Exchange rates
Exchange rate also has quite a large affect on the business because some times some one mite buy something from other countries and if they do they will have to exchange their money if the exchange rate is really low they have to spend more. But sometimes it can be the opposite it can be that the value of £ incease, foreign goods appear a lot cheaper. So that will attract a lot more people to buy from out of the country. But if that does happen. All the businesses will go down because everybody is buying from out of the country.
Firms that export
A company in the uk that export means that they make the goods in uk but send them out to other countries around the world. So the business in the uk will want the exchange rate of pounds to be cheap so people in other countries will think that things in the uk is cheap and buy from them. So the business in uk is getting more customers and more customer means more money.
Firms that import
A firm that import is a company that import goods from other countries. When importing good the company is looking for the countries currency to be cheap so it’s cheap for them to import. But importing goods cost money to import because importing goods can be from something from an aero plane, truck, train.
Mind that the sample papers like economic condition presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Economic Condition
Economy from anywhere it could be from the United States or even from the UK it self. Can have a huge impact on the firm. The main economical influences on a firm are-
1) Inflation
) Exchange rates
) Unemployment
4) Interest rates
1) inflation
In some things the price of them could go up. It’s because prices in things when time past generally goes up. For example a time piece costing £1000 today mite go up to £1050 in about a years time, But that is if they area no scratches and it’s in a perfect condition.
)Exchange Rates
Exchange Rates is the rate of exchange between currencies in different countries for example. £1 is worth about $10 in Hong Kong.
)Unemployment
Unemployment is a amount of people who are unemployed but are willing to work and that are actually looking for work or that they can work but they can’t find any. But it could be lots more reasons too.
4)Interest rate
Interest rate is the way that bank makes money. What they do is when people needs money to buy a house or a car they will need money so they get loan from a bank. The bank will lend them money but they want a repayment in a certain amount of time and they also want another amount of money which is called interest. So for example if a person borrows £1000 to buy a car they mite have to pay back £1100 back to the bank. So that is 10% on the interest rate.
But people can also befit from interest rates too. Because if some one or company puts their saving in a bank they will get interest from it. If they keep the money in a certain amount of time. Could be something like half a year to a year. And the more you pay in the more you will get back from the bank.
Inflation
Inflation can have affects on businesses too and below I have listed some of the different types of inflation.
1) Cost of raw material
) Sales will go down
) Further consequences-
• Reduce costs,
• Lower wages,
• Dismiss some staff,
• Eventually bankrupt
Interest rates (increase)
Interest rates can have a affect on a company too. That shows anything can small can have a big effect on a business. That why it is hard to have your own business. Below I have listed different types of interest rates-
• Firms cost of borrowing will increase also that means less likely to invest in new equipment.
• Consumers will spend less. A) because they are encouraged to save more so you get better interest rate. So that means they will get more money. Who doesn’t want that B) because more expensive to borrow
Unemployment
Unemployment also has a large affect on a business it’s because if lots of people is unemployed that means they will have no money to spend on the goods that you are selling. So the company will get no money and go bankrupt. Below I have more points on how it can affect a business.
• Cost saving to a firm
• Consumers spend less because their wages or income are reduced because they are not working.
Exchange rates
Exchange rate also has quite a large affect on the business because some times some one mite buy something from other countries and if they do they will have to exchange their money if the exchange rate is really low they have to spend more. But sometimes it can be the opposite it can be that the value of £ incease, foreign goods appear a lot cheaper. So that will attract a lot more people to buy from out of the country. But if that does happen. All the businesses will go down because everybody is buying from out of the country.
Firms that export
A company in the uk that export means that they make the goods in uk but send them out to other countries around the world. So the business in the uk will want the exchange rate of pounds to be cheap so people in other countries will think that things in the uk is cheap and buy from them. So the business in uk is getting more customers and more customer means more money.
Firms that import
A firm that import is a company that import goods from other countries. When importing good the company is looking for the countries currency to be cheap so it’s cheap for them to import. But importing goods cost money to import because importing goods can be from something from an aero plane, truck, train.
Mind that the sample papers like economic condition presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, 8 August 2012
The Changing Workplace
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The Changing Workplace even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The Changing Workplace in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The Changing Workplace
My Uncle started working at a very large construction company after severing four years in the United States Navy. He started as a general laborer and learned all aspects of the job. Slowly he worked his way up the ladder, never considering moving on to another company. After a decade of holding various positions within the company, he became manager of a large department. After 40 years, he retired with a sizeable pension and a company gift of a gold watch. He was a “company man”, like many men of his generation. According to Carlson (00), “For most of the 0th century, it was common for an individual to work for only one company during an entire career” (p.4).
There was a day when companies encouraged and valued the employee that started from the bottom and worked his or her way up the company ladder. According to Carlson (00), “Employees expected to work their way up through the ranks, starting at entry-level positions and gaining more and more experience as they were promoted to positions of greater responsibility. When an employee learned all the functions of a department, he or she moved into a supervisory position, and eventually into management” (p.4). This showed that employers valued the employee that was willing to demonstrate a “technical knowledge” (Carlson (00), p.4) of all aspects of his or her career.
In today’s changing workplace, just the opposite is true. According to Carlson (00), “in the 1st century, many people entering the workforce may work for as many as seven or eight different companies during their careers” (p.4).
It is common for today’s employee to obtain a skill set from one company that makes him or her valuable to another company; often these two companies are competitors (Carlson (00), p.4). My sister’s career path is an example of this changing philosophy. She just left her job as a Sale Analyst for a major sports trading card company in Carlsbad, California, for a better paying job with a competitor in Dallas, Texas. The Dallas based trading card company was willing to pay her for the knowledge and experience she had gain at her previous company.
According to Carlson (00), “today, management is viewed as a skill in itself” (p.4). Being an expert in a given field is not required to be an effective manager (Carlson (00), p.4). Companies often look for managers that have shown an ability to motivate people and achieve results (Carlson (00), p.4). In some cases being an outsider is considered an advantage. It allows them to come in with a new approach and fresh ideas that can be very beneficial to his or her new company.
Reference
Carolyn Carlson, Ph.D. “The Changing Workplace,” Workplace Monthly. New York Millenium Publishers, June, pg. 4.
Mind that the sample papers like The Changing Workplace presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The Changing Workplace
My Uncle started working at a very large construction company after severing four years in the United States Navy. He started as a general laborer and learned all aspects of the job. Slowly he worked his way up the ladder, never considering moving on to another company. After a decade of holding various positions within the company, he became manager of a large department. After 40 years, he retired with a sizeable pension and a company gift of a gold watch. He was a “company man”, like many men of his generation. According to Carlson (00), “For most of the 0th century, it was common for an individual to work for only one company during an entire career” (p.4).
There was a day when companies encouraged and valued the employee that started from the bottom and worked his or her way up the company ladder. According to Carlson (00), “Employees expected to work their way up through the ranks, starting at entry-level positions and gaining more and more experience as they were promoted to positions of greater responsibility. When an employee learned all the functions of a department, he or she moved into a supervisory position, and eventually into management” (p.4). This showed that employers valued the employee that was willing to demonstrate a “technical knowledge” (Carlson (00), p.4) of all aspects of his or her career.
In today’s changing workplace, just the opposite is true. According to Carlson (00), “in the 1st century, many people entering the workforce may work for as many as seven or eight different companies during their careers” (p.4).
It is common for today’s employee to obtain a skill set from one company that makes him or her valuable to another company; often these two companies are competitors (Carlson (00), p.4). My sister’s career path is an example of this changing philosophy. She just left her job as a Sale Analyst for a major sports trading card company in Carlsbad, California, for a better paying job with a competitor in Dallas, Texas. The Dallas based trading card company was willing to pay her for the knowledge and experience she had gain at her previous company.
According to Carlson (00), “today, management is viewed as a skill in itself” (p.4). Being an expert in a given field is not required to be an effective manager (Carlson (00), p.4). Companies often look for managers that have shown an ability to motivate people and achieve results (Carlson (00), p.4). In some cases being an outsider is considered an advantage. It allows them to come in with a new approach and fresh ideas that can be very beneficial to his or her new company.
Reference
Carolyn Carlson, Ph.D. “The Changing Workplace,” Workplace Monthly. New York Millenium Publishers, June, pg. 4.
Mind that the sample papers like The Changing Workplace presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, 18 July 2012
E-education
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like E-education even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like E-education in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
So many things around us have been changed by development of technology of which education can¡¯t help being an exception. Some kinds of technology have applied to education and one of products is the E-education which makes us be able to get education wherever and whenever we want to. This feature of E-education has given us many advantages. However, there is debate between online education and ordinary education due to some of concern such as technology of E-education and students¡¯ responsibility for learning. Also, some people have asked if E-education can be the way to supplement ordinary education. Even though some problems have been found in E-education, it could be one of best way to get good quality education and supplement ordinary education because technology which supports online education keeps developing and there are a lot of good online course which offer good quality education.
People who have question about E-education argue that online education is not good enough to provide high-quality materials by internet smoothly and it is sometimes hard to connect to internet (Plunkett and Hutchison qtd. in Loftus). For instance, a lot of graphic images and sound effects are needed to educate students effectively in online education; however, many people still use modem which does not provide high-speed internet. As a result, technology of online education might be a problem. The other argument against E-education is if students can complete online education successfully without teachers¡¯ care and attention. Don lake who is board member of the Unite States Distance Learning Association and a director for California¡¯s unified school district points out, ¡°about 0% to 0% of students who try online courses fail to complete them¡± (qtd. in Thomas). In addition, E-education requires students to be independent in their learning, so some of them feel more difficult than ordinary education (Lake qtd in Thomas). These tell us that students could not become accustomed to online education and teachers are needed for students.
It is true that technology of online education might be one of problems, but problems of technology for E-education can be solved and already solved in some parts. For example, even though some people have concern about technology of E-education, that is not problem any more because ADSL and Cable Internet which are technologies for internet have been developing so fast and companies which are using these technologies such as Road Runner and Direct TV have become very popular; the internet service is fast enough to support streaming motion picture and students can even see each other on internet by web-cam now. As a result, students¡¯ learning is not interrupted by cutting internet connection or slow internet service (Rauschkolb and DeRossi qtd. in Loftus). The argument that students could not complete online course successfully is understandable, but there are many students who have done online courses very well without teachers¡¯ attention. Students in E-education can participate in online discussion and communicate with teachers, so they might feel as if they are taking ordinary class. Also, Shea and Boser emphasize, ¡°Arizona State University compared test results of its online M.B.A. students with those enrolled in the traditional program and found that the online students scored higher¡± (64). Even though students need a lot of responsibility for learning, many students have done online courses very well.
The argument of supporters of E-education is that E-education is efficient than ordinary education. With technology, online education has been able to provide efficient education and is not restricted by time and place (Harasim qtd. in Ahern). Since we don¡¯t have to worry about time and place conflict, we can save time and money which are extremely important now. For example, online courses usually don¡¯t require particular text books because it can provide many sorts of visual materials by itself. In fact, text books are very expensive for students, so taking online courses might be more efficient than taking conventional courses. Furthermore, online education gives great opportunity those who can not attend ordinary classes because of physical problems (Goral 1). Consequently, cost-effectiveness of online education could be important reason why we choose online course rather than ordinary courses.
Supporters of online education also argue that online education is as effective as ordinary education or even better. The reason why online education can be effective is that E-education has not only visual effect but also audio effect which makes instruction more effective. Online education has started providing face-to-face interaction which makes interaction between students and teachers more effective by computer communication technology (Harasim qtd. in Ahern). In my case, when I learn something with visual and audio effects, I remember for long time and understand easily than when I use only text. Moreover, online education is more effective when class is large. In large class, interaction between students and teachers is really rare; however, number of students is not problem at all in online education. Thus, it is sure that online education can provide effective instruction to students.
In conclusion, E-education has to be kept going although some people have concern about it. The reason for support of E-education is that there are many good universities and companies that provide high-quality online courses and technology of E-education becomes good enough to support those courses, so students in online course are able to learn effectively as well as students in ordinary class. E-education is one of good way to supplement ordinary education.
Mind that the sample papers like E-education presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
So many things around us have been changed by development of technology of which education can¡¯t help being an exception. Some kinds of technology have applied to education and one of products is the E-education which makes us be able to get education wherever and whenever we want to. This feature of E-education has given us many advantages. However, there is debate between online education and ordinary education due to some of concern such as technology of E-education and students¡¯ responsibility for learning. Also, some people have asked if E-education can be the way to supplement ordinary education. Even though some problems have been found in E-education, it could be one of best way to get good quality education and supplement ordinary education because technology which supports online education keeps developing and there are a lot of good online course which offer good quality education.
People who have question about E-education argue that online education is not good enough to provide high-quality materials by internet smoothly and it is sometimes hard to connect to internet (Plunkett and Hutchison qtd. in Loftus). For instance, a lot of graphic images and sound effects are needed to educate students effectively in online education; however, many people still use modem which does not provide high-speed internet. As a result, technology of online education might be a problem. The other argument against E-education is if students can complete online education successfully without teachers¡¯ care and attention. Don lake who is board member of the Unite States Distance Learning Association and a director for California¡¯s unified school district points out, ¡°about 0% to 0% of students who try online courses fail to complete them¡± (qtd. in Thomas). In addition, E-education requires students to be independent in their learning, so some of them feel more difficult than ordinary education (Lake qtd in Thomas). These tell us that students could not become accustomed to online education and teachers are needed for students.
It is true that technology of online education might be one of problems, but problems of technology for E-education can be solved and already solved in some parts. For example, even though some people have concern about technology of E-education, that is not problem any more because ADSL and Cable Internet which are technologies for internet have been developing so fast and companies which are using these technologies such as Road Runner and Direct TV have become very popular; the internet service is fast enough to support streaming motion picture and students can even see each other on internet by web-cam now. As a result, students¡¯ learning is not interrupted by cutting internet connection or slow internet service (Rauschkolb and DeRossi qtd. in Loftus). The argument that students could not complete online course successfully is understandable, but there are many students who have done online courses very well without teachers¡¯ attention. Students in E-education can participate in online discussion and communicate with teachers, so they might feel as if they are taking ordinary class. Also, Shea and Boser emphasize, ¡°Arizona State University compared test results of its online M.B.A. students with those enrolled in the traditional program and found that the online students scored higher¡± (64). Even though students need a lot of responsibility for learning, many students have done online courses very well.
The argument of supporters of E-education is that E-education is efficient than ordinary education. With technology, online education has been able to provide efficient education and is not restricted by time and place (Harasim qtd. in Ahern). Since we don¡¯t have to worry about time and place conflict, we can save time and money which are extremely important now. For example, online courses usually don¡¯t require particular text books because it can provide many sorts of visual materials by itself. In fact, text books are very expensive for students, so taking online courses might be more efficient than taking conventional courses. Furthermore, online education gives great opportunity those who can not attend ordinary classes because of physical problems (Goral 1). Consequently, cost-effectiveness of online education could be important reason why we choose online course rather than ordinary courses.
Supporters of online education also argue that online education is as effective as ordinary education or even better. The reason why online education can be effective is that E-education has not only visual effect but also audio effect which makes instruction more effective. Online education has started providing face-to-face interaction which makes interaction between students and teachers more effective by computer communication technology (Harasim qtd. in Ahern). In my case, when I learn something with visual and audio effects, I remember for long time and understand easily than when I use only text. Moreover, online education is more effective when class is large. In large class, interaction between students and teachers is really rare; however, number of students is not problem at all in online education. Thus, it is sure that online education can provide effective instruction to students.
In conclusion, E-education has to be kept going although some people have concern about it. The reason for support of E-education is that there are many good universities and companies that provide high-quality online courses and technology of E-education becomes good enough to support those courses, so students in online course are able to learn effectively as well as students in ordinary class. E-education is one of good way to supplement ordinary education.
Mind that the sample papers like E-education presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, 13 July 2012
Beef Eating V Veg Eating
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Beef Eating V Veg Eating even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Beef Eating V Veg Eating in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Is it healthy? Are you still getting enough vitamins? Is it natural? How can you live on that? These are questions that a vegetarian would get and a meat eater would get from people that don’t think that their diet is the correct one. But, which one is correct?
“Vegetus” means a spiritual and moral approach to life. There are two main types of vegetarians. The first one is just your normal vegetarian who doesn’t eat meat but they do eat dairy products. The other is a Vegan who doesn’t eat meat or dairy products as they believe the animal is being asked to produce more products that it can safely manage, they also believe that the animal is being harmed by being made to produce so much. But both of them believe that God has given them other options rather than meat to fulfil a healthy diet.
When people say that meat eaters are more aggressive than vegetarians, they may have a point. Because when an animal is about to be killed they produce an enzyme that contains aggression. When a human then eats the meat they receive aggression through the enzyme. Also in a recent survey it suggests that aggression levels are higher in meat eaters compared to vegetarians
Further more there has also been evidence to suggest that there is a greater chance of getting cancer if you eat meat. One of the possibilities for this may be the amount of time it stays in your system. In one case a man who hadn’t eaten meat in over 5 years when he had colonic irrigation they still found traces of meat in his intestines! This is because the intestines find it difficult to break down the meat and hard to get rid of it as well.
Even when the animal is growing up it is being mistreated. For example in the chicken farms the chicken has a living space of 1᠐1feet and the only reason it would get out of its pen is to get killed. From this extreme lack of exercise it doesn’t develop a backbone. It dose not even get fed real food, instead it gets drugs and antibiotics so it doesn’t get any diseases but it also doesn’t get any nutrition. This can’t be good for us to eat, drugged up animals that you haven’t a clue what’s in them, how can this be good for the animals either.
When people say that being vegetarian means that you will have almost no fat in your diet they’re wrong. Actually there may be even more fat than in a meat eaters diet. When they say that meat eaters take in too much fat do they think that meat eaters don’t run off most of the fat from the steak or cut off the fat around it? An example of a high fat dish, loved by vegetarians, is the “Brazilian Bake” it has more saturated fat in it than an average piece of meat.
Contrary to many peoples opinions beef today is leaner than 0 years ago, a result of advances in breeding, cattle feed and supermarket preparation methods. Yes, beef contains fat, including saturated fat, and cholesterol. But beef is also a good source of iron, protein, vitamins B, B5, B6 and B1, phosphorus and zinc. Consider that Beef provides percent of your daily needs for zinc, important for a healthy immune system. Three ounces of cooked beef contains 5 grams of protein, about 50 percent of the needs of most women. Three ounces of broiled top sirloin steak contains almost three mg of iron, almost three times as much iron as a three-ounce chicken breast.
Some people say that if you want to have a healthy diet you can’t eat meat, WRONG! If that’s so, then why do world class athletes have large amounts of meat in their diet? If it so unhealthy and full of fat why do world class athletes’ dieticians tell them to eat it? If you say what do they know about food I’ll tell you, dieticians know more about the right food to eat than any one else on the planet.
If you did just eat vegetarian food would you not get bored from eating the same thing over and over? If you ate meat you could eat anything from a good old steak from Ireland to eating a crocodile from S.Africa. What would you eat at Christmas when everybody else is eating a big Turkey? Christmas day is all about the Turkey!
Did you know that they put wax on apples so that they look shiny in the supermarkets? People say that there is a bigger chance of you getting cancer if you eat meat, I wonder if they know what’s in their so called “fresh” apples or pears? Some fruit and vegetables are treated with radiation so they have a longer shelf life and they don’t smell bad when they go off. There is also evidence supporting the claim that the chemicals in radiation can cause cancer.
If we didn’t eat any animals what would we do with all of them? Give them a country so they can have their own government? They would increase in numbers until there would be more animals than humans! I think its good that we don’t let their population get out of control. We have been eating meat for millions of years and we need meat so our bodies can be strong and healthy, why just suddenly stop now?
In conclusion I feel that people should carry on eating meat as we have been for the last few million years. The problem isn’t with the meat today it with the people who eat it. They eat an excessive amount of fatty foods and they do far too little exercise. This is shown by meat being 0% leaner today than in the past 0 years. The number of deaths per year relating to cholesterol problems has risen not fallen. So how can meat be blamed for all of these deaths if the fat levels in it have fallen?
As I am a meat-eater my self I still can’t understand why people would want to stop having beef in their diet totally, it tastes too good! I’m not suggesting that people should eat meat everyday of every week because too much of any thing is bad for you especially meat.
When people talk of the terrible conditions the animals have to endure and the chemicals injected into them, why buy them then? Everybody says how terrible it is yet very few stop eating meat! Where’s the sense in that! The people doing this to the animals are getting away with murder! We should buy free-range beef or beef from your butchers so that you do know what is in the meat that you are eating. We can put the people who are abusing the animals and taking advantage of the chemicals available to farmers today out of business, by not buying their products. Then the honest farmers’ who are losing out at the moment producing good quality meat, will be rewarded for the great honest jobs they carry out 65 days of the year.
Mind that the sample papers like Beef Eating V Veg Eating presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Is it healthy? Are you still getting enough vitamins? Is it natural? How can you live on that? These are questions that a vegetarian would get and a meat eater would get from people that don’t think that their diet is the correct one. But, which one is correct?
“Vegetus” means a spiritual and moral approach to life. There are two main types of vegetarians. The first one is just your normal vegetarian who doesn’t eat meat but they do eat dairy products. The other is a Vegan who doesn’t eat meat or dairy products as they believe the animal is being asked to produce more products that it can safely manage, they also believe that the animal is being harmed by being made to produce so much. But both of them believe that God has given them other options rather than meat to fulfil a healthy diet.
When people say that meat eaters are more aggressive than vegetarians, they may have a point. Because when an animal is about to be killed they produce an enzyme that contains aggression. When a human then eats the meat they receive aggression through the enzyme. Also in a recent survey it suggests that aggression levels are higher in meat eaters compared to vegetarians
Further more there has also been evidence to suggest that there is a greater chance of getting cancer if you eat meat. One of the possibilities for this may be the amount of time it stays in your system. In one case a man who hadn’t eaten meat in over 5 years when he had colonic irrigation they still found traces of meat in his intestines! This is because the intestines find it difficult to break down the meat and hard to get rid of it as well.
Even when the animal is growing up it is being mistreated. For example in the chicken farms the chicken has a living space of 1᠐1feet and the only reason it would get out of its pen is to get killed. From this extreme lack of exercise it doesn’t develop a backbone. It dose not even get fed real food, instead it gets drugs and antibiotics so it doesn’t get any diseases but it also doesn’t get any nutrition. This can’t be good for us to eat, drugged up animals that you haven’t a clue what’s in them, how can this be good for the animals either.
When people say that being vegetarian means that you will have almost no fat in your diet they’re wrong. Actually there may be even more fat than in a meat eaters diet. When they say that meat eaters take in too much fat do they think that meat eaters don’t run off most of the fat from the steak or cut off the fat around it? An example of a high fat dish, loved by vegetarians, is the “Brazilian Bake” it has more saturated fat in it than an average piece of meat.
Contrary to many peoples opinions beef today is leaner than 0 years ago, a result of advances in breeding, cattle feed and supermarket preparation methods. Yes, beef contains fat, including saturated fat, and cholesterol. But beef is also a good source of iron, protein, vitamins B, B5, B6 and B1, phosphorus and zinc. Consider that Beef provides percent of your daily needs for zinc, important for a healthy immune system. Three ounces of cooked beef contains 5 grams of protein, about 50 percent of the needs of most women. Three ounces of broiled top sirloin steak contains almost three mg of iron, almost three times as much iron as a three-ounce chicken breast.
Some people say that if you want to have a healthy diet you can’t eat meat, WRONG! If that’s so, then why do world class athletes have large amounts of meat in their diet? If it so unhealthy and full of fat why do world class athletes’ dieticians tell them to eat it? If you say what do they know about food I’ll tell you, dieticians know more about the right food to eat than any one else on the planet.
If you did just eat vegetarian food would you not get bored from eating the same thing over and over? If you ate meat you could eat anything from a good old steak from Ireland to eating a crocodile from S.Africa. What would you eat at Christmas when everybody else is eating a big Turkey? Christmas day is all about the Turkey!
Did you know that they put wax on apples so that they look shiny in the supermarkets? People say that there is a bigger chance of you getting cancer if you eat meat, I wonder if they know what’s in their so called “fresh” apples or pears? Some fruit and vegetables are treated with radiation so they have a longer shelf life and they don’t smell bad when they go off. There is also evidence supporting the claim that the chemicals in radiation can cause cancer.
If we didn’t eat any animals what would we do with all of them? Give them a country so they can have their own government? They would increase in numbers until there would be more animals than humans! I think its good that we don’t let their population get out of control. We have been eating meat for millions of years and we need meat so our bodies can be strong and healthy, why just suddenly stop now?
In conclusion I feel that people should carry on eating meat as we have been for the last few million years. The problem isn’t with the meat today it with the people who eat it. They eat an excessive amount of fatty foods and they do far too little exercise. This is shown by meat being 0% leaner today than in the past 0 years. The number of deaths per year relating to cholesterol problems has risen not fallen. So how can meat be blamed for all of these deaths if the fat levels in it have fallen?
As I am a meat-eater my self I still can’t understand why people would want to stop having beef in their diet totally, it tastes too good! I’m not suggesting that people should eat meat everyday of every week because too much of any thing is bad for you especially meat.
When people talk of the terrible conditions the animals have to endure and the chemicals injected into them, why buy them then? Everybody says how terrible it is yet very few stop eating meat! Where’s the sense in that! The people doing this to the animals are getting away with murder! We should buy free-range beef or beef from your butchers so that you do know what is in the meat that you are eating. We can put the people who are abusing the animals and taking advantage of the chemicals available to farmers today out of business, by not buying their products. Then the honest farmers’ who are losing out at the moment producing good quality meat, will be rewarded for the great honest jobs they carry out 65 days of the year.
Mind that the sample papers like Beef Eating V Veg Eating presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Annabel Lee
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Annabel Lee even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Annabel Lee in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Two Saturdays ago I went to Kerry’s Irish Pub with some of my friends. My friend Amber and I went to the bathroom where the usual poems and drawings were scribbled on the walls. As we always do, we read to each other the dribble that was in each of our stalls. Imagine my amazement when Amber began to recite Edgar Allan Poe’s “Annabel Lee” from the first stall. I could not believe that someone had taken such a renowned piece of literature and degraded it to a saying on a bathroom wall. Yet on further inspection of the wall there it was. In close company was another fine poem. “If you sprinkle wile you tinkle please be a sweetie and wipe the seattie.” This event maked me think that Poes “Annabel Lee” is no better than any other childish nonsense you would find on a bathroom wall. To prove my point I will break down and analyze the rhythmical patterns of “Annabel Lee.” I can show that the structure of this poem never formed itself into any set pattern except to mirror a children’s story.
The dominant rhythm of “Annabel Lee” is anapestic trimester shown best in the lines “And this maiden she lived with no other thought/ than to love and be loved by me” and “with a love that the winged seraphs of Heaven/coveted her and me.” However, towards the end of the poem, Poe is using an iambic rhythm within the lines “But our love it was stronger by far than the love/Of those who were older than we/Of many far wiser than we.” It as if the reader is being bombarded with this intense strain of Poe trying to get his point across and then being lulled into a song as to forget that you were
just accosted. This in it of itself makes the poem like a child who just pitched a temper tantrum and now wants his mother to forget it because he wants a piece of candy.
“Annabel Lee” seems to be no more than an obsession with sound. The whole first stanza is a continuous repletion of “M” and “L” sounds
It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of Annabel Lee;
And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.
The long “A” sound in the first stanza creates a sound suggesting a mournful passage of time. Then, in the first line of the fourth stanza has a repetitive “H” sound “The angels, not half so happy in Heaven,” gives a sarcastic undertone. The repetition of the short “O” sound, in the second and fifth stanzas, gives a calming feeling
I was a child and she was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea,
But we loved with a love that was more than love-
I and my Annabel Lee-
With a love that the winged seraphs of Heaven
Constance
Coveted her and me.
But our love it was stronger by far than the love
Of those who were older than we-
Of many far wiser than we -
And neither the angels in heaven above,
Nor the demons down under the sea,
Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
The repetition of the “EA” sound, in the first two lines of the sixth stanza, “For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams/Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,” brings a growing feeling of intensity to the reader. Also, with the repetition of the long “I” sound, in the next four lines of the same stanza, amplifies the whiney nature of the poem
And the stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride,
“Annabel Lee” shows a great childlike form. Poe even states “I was a child and she was a child,” symbolizing innocence. He is like a boy obsessed with an object. But, in this case the object of his affection is a person. Annabel Lee’s death seems not to affect the relationship that Poe has with her. Its as if her death had not changed they’re interactions with each other. This makes me wonder if Annabel Lee really “lived with no other thought/Than to love and be loved by” Poe. Or is it just something that you
might read from a stalker. Its sounds like a childish obsession that has masked itself behind what someone calls love. He still speaks of Annabel Lee as if she were alive.
denying the loss of anything. So if this love was a love that even “The angels, not half so happy in heaven,/Went envying” them why does Annabel Lee’s death not change Poe’s interactions with Annabel Lee.
I can just see a deranged man scribbling this poem on a bathroom wall so that everyone will read it. This would some how justify the love this person had and make the delusion real. The darkness of the poem shows another side of the story. With the words and phrases “sepulcher,” “tomb,” “angels,” “demons” and winged seraphs” the poem gives the impression that there is an underlying mistrust in what Poe is saying about his love for Annabel Lee.
After looking into what Poe’s critictics said about his work I feel justified in calling “Annabel Lee” a childish work. T.S. Elliot states “that Poe had a Powerful intellect is undeniable but it seems to me the intellect of a highly gifted young person before puberty. The forms which his lively curiosity takes are those in which a pre-adolescent mentality delights (Hoffman, p.x).” This shows that even Poe’s colleagues thought his work lacked the style of a mature educated writer. Also, in the book, Eight American Writers, Norman Foerster says “in Poe’s late style, his language grows more artificial, his rhythm more spasmodic, and his mood close to hysteria. Critics have been disposed to attribute this change to mental deterioration, but it is probably the result of
Poe’s increasing preoccupation with the details of his poetic theory and his journalist’s appeal to the popular taste for the bizarre (p.7)”
“Annabel Lee” even reads like a child’s fairy tale. It begins by saying “It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea.” This isn’t exactly “Once upon a Time” but it’s close enough. This poem lends itself to be seen as a children’s story. I found many webs sites for children’s writing that included this in there pages. One site even had illustrations for children.
With all of the jingliest themes of “Annabel Lee” it makes me wonder if Poe did it deliberately. Maybe to play into what his critics has said about his writing. Or maybe he was letting his writing slip later in life. What ever the reason for this is, I do not know. But the lack of mature writing in “Annabel Lee” leaves me feeling like I have just read a cute little children’s story.
Works Cited
Foerster, Norman, et al. Eight American Writers.
New York Norton, 16
Hoffman, Daniel. Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe.
New York Doubleday, 17
The Norton Anthology of American Literature.
W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 00
Mind that the sample papers like Annabel Lee presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Two Saturdays ago I went to Kerry’s Irish Pub with some of my friends. My friend Amber and I went to the bathroom where the usual poems and drawings were scribbled on the walls. As we always do, we read to each other the dribble that was in each of our stalls. Imagine my amazement when Amber began to recite Edgar Allan Poe’s “Annabel Lee” from the first stall. I could not believe that someone had taken such a renowned piece of literature and degraded it to a saying on a bathroom wall. Yet on further inspection of the wall there it was. In close company was another fine poem. “If you sprinkle wile you tinkle please be a sweetie and wipe the seattie.” This event maked me think that Poes “Annabel Lee” is no better than any other childish nonsense you would find on a bathroom wall. To prove my point I will break down and analyze the rhythmical patterns of “Annabel Lee.” I can show that the structure of this poem never formed itself into any set pattern except to mirror a children’s story.
The dominant rhythm of “Annabel Lee” is anapestic trimester shown best in the lines “And this maiden she lived with no other thought/ than to love and be loved by me” and “with a love that the winged seraphs of Heaven/coveted her and me.” However, towards the end of the poem, Poe is using an iambic rhythm within the lines “But our love it was stronger by far than the love/Of those who were older than we/Of many far wiser than we.” It as if the reader is being bombarded with this intense strain of Poe trying to get his point across and then being lulled into a song as to forget that you were
just accosted. This in it of itself makes the poem like a child who just pitched a temper tantrum and now wants his mother to forget it because he wants a piece of candy.
“Annabel Lee” seems to be no more than an obsession with sound. The whole first stanza is a continuous repletion of “M” and “L” sounds
It was many and many a year ago,
In a kingdom by the sea,
That a maiden there lived whom you may know
By the name of Annabel Lee;
And this maiden she lived with no other thought
Than to love and be loved by me.
The long “A” sound in the first stanza creates a sound suggesting a mournful passage of time. Then, in the first line of the fourth stanza has a repetitive “H” sound “The angels, not half so happy in Heaven,” gives a sarcastic undertone. The repetition of the short “O” sound, in the second and fifth stanzas, gives a calming feeling
I was a child and she was a child,
In this kingdom by the sea,
But we loved with a love that was more than love-
I and my Annabel Lee-
With a love that the winged seraphs of Heaven
Constance
Coveted her and me.
But our love it was stronger by far than the love
Of those who were older than we-
Of many far wiser than we -
And neither the angels in heaven above,
Nor the demons down under the sea,
Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
The repetition of the “EA” sound, in the first two lines of the sixth stanza, “For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams/Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,” brings a growing feeling of intensity to the reader. Also, with the repetition of the long “I” sound, in the next four lines of the same stanza, amplifies the whiney nature of the poem
And the stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes
Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,
And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side
Of my darling- my darling- my life and my bride,
“Annabel Lee” shows a great childlike form. Poe even states “I was a child and she was a child,” symbolizing innocence. He is like a boy obsessed with an object. But, in this case the object of his affection is a person. Annabel Lee’s death seems not to affect the relationship that Poe has with her. Its as if her death had not changed they’re interactions with each other. This makes me wonder if Annabel Lee really “lived with no other thought/Than to love and be loved by” Poe. Or is it just something that you
might read from a stalker. Its sounds like a childish obsession that has masked itself behind what someone calls love. He still speaks of Annabel Lee as if she were alive.
denying the loss of anything. So if this love was a love that even “The angels, not half so happy in heaven,/Went envying” them why does Annabel Lee’s death not change Poe’s interactions with Annabel Lee.
I can just see a deranged man scribbling this poem on a bathroom wall so that everyone will read it. This would some how justify the love this person had and make the delusion real. The darkness of the poem shows another side of the story. With the words and phrases “sepulcher,” “tomb,” “angels,” “demons” and winged seraphs” the poem gives the impression that there is an underlying mistrust in what Poe is saying about his love for Annabel Lee.
After looking into what Poe’s critictics said about his work I feel justified in calling “Annabel Lee” a childish work. T.S. Elliot states “that Poe had a Powerful intellect is undeniable but it seems to me the intellect of a highly gifted young person before puberty. The forms which his lively curiosity takes are those in which a pre-adolescent mentality delights (Hoffman, p.x).” This shows that even Poe’s colleagues thought his work lacked the style of a mature educated writer. Also, in the book, Eight American Writers, Norman Foerster says “in Poe’s late style, his language grows more artificial, his rhythm more spasmodic, and his mood close to hysteria. Critics have been disposed to attribute this change to mental deterioration, but it is probably the result of
Poe’s increasing preoccupation with the details of his poetic theory and his journalist’s appeal to the popular taste for the bizarre (p.7)”
“Annabel Lee” even reads like a child’s fairy tale. It begins by saying “It was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea.” This isn’t exactly “Once upon a Time” but it’s close enough. This poem lends itself to be seen as a children’s story. I found many webs sites for children’s writing that included this in there pages. One site even had illustrations for children.
With all of the jingliest themes of “Annabel Lee” it makes me wonder if Poe did it deliberately. Maybe to play into what his critics has said about his writing. Or maybe he was letting his writing slip later in life. What ever the reason for this is, I do not know. But the lack of mature writing in “Annabel Lee” leaves me feeling like I have just read a cute little children’s story.
Works Cited
Foerster, Norman, et al. Eight American Writers.
New York Norton, 16
Hoffman, Daniel. Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe, Poe.
New York Doubleday, 17
The Norton Anthology of American Literature.
W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 00
Mind that the sample papers like Annabel Lee presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, 12 July 2012
Motivation
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Motivation even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Motivation in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Introduction
There is an old saying that you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink; it will drink only if it’s thirsty ?so with people. They will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do.
Some people work harder or exert more efforts than others do. This is why some people with lesser ability can outperform their more gifted counterparts. For this reason, an individual’s performance at work depends not only on their ability but on motivation as well.
Mullins, (16, p.480) suggests that performance is a product of both activity level and motivation.
Performance = function (ability x motivation)
Therefore, if the manager is to improve the work of the organisation, attention must be given to the level of motivation of its members.
Definition of Motivation
The word motivate is derived from the Latin verb “movere?which means ‘to cause movement? Basically, we want to cause our employees to move toward some objectives. Robbins (18, p.168) defines motivation as
the willingness to exert high levels of effort, toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual needs.
A need means a physiological or psychological deficiency that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. Unsatisfied needs will stimulate drives within an individual that will generate a search to find particular goals that, when attained, will satisfy the need.
According to Greenberg and Baron (000, p.10), scientists have defined motivation as
the set of process that arouse, direct, and maintain human behaviour towards attaining some goal.
The act of arousing is related to the desire and vigour to produce. Directing is the election of behaviour, and maintenance is the inclination to behave a certain manner until the desired outcome is met.
Bartol and Martin (14, p.77) has defined motivation as
the force that energises behaviour, gives direction to behaviour, and underlies the tendency to persist.
By examining the three different definitions on motivation, one can summarise that the key elements in motivation are direction of behaviour (which behaviour does an employee choose to perform), level of effort (how hard does an employee work to perform a chosen behaviour), and level of persistence (when faced with obstacles, how hard does an employee keep trying to perform a chosen behaviour successfully)
Importance of Motivation
Hersey and Blanchard (188, p.) discovered that how well an employee functions on the job depends on two variables the employees ability and motivation. While the employee’s ability/skill can be acquired through training, motivation very much depends on the manager.
Motivated employees are likely to exhibit positive work behaviors such as co-operation, accept orders without a fuss, accept criticism, make constructive statements, or even, help co-workers with job-related problems. All these behaviors potentially improve organization’s overall work performance. Besides, motivated employees are more committed to the organization and likely to work harder towards organizational goals.
In contrast, de-motivated employees tend to absent from work, late for work, or they just quit. Absenteeism, in this instance, refers to situation where employees have some control over absences, but find excuses merely to stay away from work. These employees cause unscheduled absences which may potentially disrupt work in progress and hence, affect organization’s overall performance. Normally, these employees are less willing to exert efforts to achieve organisational goals than their satisfied colleagues. Furthermore, when employees are not giving the amount of concentration required to carry out a particular task, this can sometimes lead to below average or poor work output.
Besides, studies have shown that the lower employees?levels of motivation, the more likely they are to consider resigning and they actually do so (Schermerhorn et. al., 14, p. 145). Basically, employee turnover is a costly and disruptive phenomenon for organizations. The higher the turnover rate, the larger the expenses will be. Some of the costs involved include the cost of time taken to recruit, select and train new employees, the cost of lost production time and the cost of extra supervision required for new employees.
Moreover, the company may loose its good employees to its competitors, or, its disgruntled employees may take sensitive information with them to their new jobs.
In summary, motivation is important because high motivational level can contribute substantially to the effectiveness of an organization while the cost associated with low motivation can be astronomical.
There are many theories which attempt to explain the nature of motivation. These theories all help to explain the behaviour of certain people at certain times. Due to the complexity of motivation, and the fact that there is no single answer to what motivates people to work well, different theories are important. Collectively, the different theories provide a framework within which to direct attention to the problem of how best to motivate staff to work and effectively.
Motivation ?The Needs Perspective
There are several theories that are related to identifying the needs of individual, namely Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and McClelland’s Three Needs theory (Bateman and Snell, 00, pp.418-40). Only Alderfer’s ERG theory will be examined in detail as Maslow’s theory caters more for lower levels and McClelland’s theory more for higher levels.
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
Research based on Maslow’s concepts of needs demonstrated some problems with his Hierarchy of Needs theory. In reality, the need of an individual is not in a hierarchy as suggested by Maslow. It may regress to a lower level when a certain situation exists, or several needs may exist at the same time, or the progression may not be in the order as suggested. This theory has also ignore the significance of culture therefore making it insensitive.
Alderfer essentially modified Maslow’s theory by condensing the five levels of needs and categorise them into three and developed the Existence, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) theory. The major difference between Maslow’s and Alderfer’s needs theory centred around three concepts how the needs are categorised, the relationship between different levels of needs, and what happens when a need is not satisfied.
Alderfer has categorised the needs as follow
E = Existence ?desires for physiological and material well-being
R = Relatedness ?desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships
G = Growth ?desires for continued personal growth and development
Alderfer sees needs as moving back and forth, not just upward in the hierarchy. Because of the recognition of forward movement, that is progression from lower level needs (existence) to higher needs (growth), Alderfer’s theory is also called as “satisfaction progression?theory. However, where Maslow’s theory generally portrays motivation as moving in one direction, that is moving up in the hierarchy, Alderfer feels that we move back and forth among these needs as situation change. Thus, it is possible to regress from being motivated by growth to being motivated by relatedness. This backward or downward movement means that Alderfer’s theory is also a “frustration regression?theory.
The ERG theory also argues that “more than one need may be activated at the same time?(Hunt et. al., 000, p.11).
Managers can compensate an employee by concentrating on relatedness needs (for example, showing cares/concerns and emphasise the “family?aspect of the organisation) when the growth needs cannot be met on the job due to organisation policies or structure. The manager may also motivate an employee (for example, an engineer) who has attained relatedness needs with existence needs (for example, paying overtime or a pay raise) when certain conditions are met (for example, has just bought a house).
ERG theory has also shown to be more consistent with our knowledge that individuals are different, influence by family background, education, and cultural environment. These variables can alter the importance of the category of needs to this individual. People in different culture may see and rank need categories differently ?for instance, Malaysian Chinese may see existence needs (for example, money) more important while the Malays may place the relatedness needs (for example, social closeness) before existence needs.
Motivation ?Job and Organisational Context
There are two theories that are related to the job and organisational context of motivation Herzberg?Two Factor theory and Adam’s Equity theory (Bateman and Snell, 00, pp.4-47). Only Herzberg?Two Factor theory will be discussed in detail as Equity theory concentrates more on the perceived equity rather than genuine equity.
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
The dual-structure approach was developed by Herzberg (Bateman and Snell, 00, p.4) and is often referred to as the Two Factor Theory. His work centred around the work itself and what can be done with it to enhance individual motivation. His work leads him to draw two main categories of factors.
The hygiene factors are related to job context, and are concerned with job environment, particularly company policy, supervision, job security, status, salary and working condition. They do not motivate but serve to prevent dissatisfaction.
The motivating factors, however, are those which, if present, serve to motivate the individual to superior effort and performance. Achievement, recognition, advancement, responsibility and work itself are called “motivators? These factors are characteristics that people find intrinsically rewarding, and are related to job content of the work itself. The strength of these factors will affect feelings of satisfaction.
Herzberg argued that improving the hygiene factors might remove dissatisfaction, but would not increase satisfaction and motivation. Therefore, Managers must work on strengthening the motivating factors to increase satisfaction. Managers can counteract the boredom associated with routine task jobs through realistic job previews and job rotation. Jobs can be restructured to give greater emphasis to the motivating factors at work and to bring about job enrichment. Job enrichment vertically loads jobs to meet individual needs for meaningfulness, responsibility, and knowledge of results. Personal desire for growth and a supportive climate must exist for job enrichment to be successful.
Herzberg theory has it’s own share of criticisms. The placement of money as a hygiene factor is particularly controversial since many feel that money is still a good basic motivator. It is also believed that Herzberg’s model may be most appropriate for white collar workers (managerial and professional workers) and not blue collar workers. Further, Herzbergs theory cannot explain as to why many workers migrate for economic reasons and often having to put up with various inconveniences.
Generally, it is argued that both the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are equally important and that one cannot be substituted for another. As Beer and Walton (18, p.16) suggest employees who are paid well for repetitious, boring work will be dissatisfied with the lack of intrinsic rewards, just as employees paid poorly for interesting, challenging work may be dissatisfied with extrinsic reward.
Luthans (1, p.161) has also commented that Herzberg’s model describes only some of the content of work motivation; it does not adequately describe the complex motivational process of organisational participants.
Motivation ?Behavioural View
There are two theories that are related to the behavioural viewpoint of employees?motivation. They are Locke’s Goal-Setting theory and Thorndike’s Law of Effect (Bateman and Snell, 00, pp41-416).
Locke’s Goal-Setting Theory
The basic premise of goal-setting theory, as developed by Edwin Locke (Robbins, 18, p.180), is that well-set and well-managed task goals are important sources for motivation. The basic suggestion in this theory is that people are motivated by specific, challenging goals. Goals tell an individual what is important (that is, it directs attention). It is a source of motivation and act as a benchmark of performance. Research has concluded that challenging goals lead to higher performance (Robbins, 18, p.181). Specific goals are better than general goals (that is, it is not enough to tell a person to do your best). Feedback improves the effect of goals on performance.
Managers can utilise the basis of goal-setting theory to motivate employees. When managers set objectives, be sure that they are difficult, challenging, and achievable. An unattainable goal will have an adverse effect, it becomes demotivating. The goals should also be specific, measurable, have a target date for accomplishment, and are jointly set when possible. A goal that was set with the participation of employees will have better commitment from them. Management by Objective (MBO) is a good tool to assist managers in setting goals. MBO is a collaborative process whereby the manager and each employee jointly determine objectives for that employee. To be successful, MBO programs should include commitment and participation in the MBO process at all levels, from top management to the lowest position in the organization.
There are certain limitations to the goal-setting theory. Individualised goals can be dysfunctional if applied to working groups. It will create competition and reduce cooperation (Bateman and Snell, 00, p.41).
Employee performance has different dimensions (productivity, quality, creativity and others). It is also important not to set goal for a single dimension only as the employee may neglect the other important dimensions.
Thorndikes’s Law of Effect
According to Thorndikes Law of Effect (Bateman and Snell, 00, p.414), behaviour that is followed by positive consequences probably will be repeated.
There are four key reinforcers that either encourage or discourage behaviours
?Positive reinforcement involves in providing a pleasant, rewarding consequences to encourage a desired behaviour.
?Negative reinforcement is providing an unpleasant stimuli so that an individual will engage in the desired behaviour in order to stop the unpleasant stimuli.
?Punishment is unpleasant consequences used to weaken undesired behaviour.
?Extinction is ending undesired behaviour by ignoring and not reinforcing it.
Positive reinforcement is being considered as a better motivator and used to encourage desired behaviours.
It is also important for managers to know that reinforcement schedules affect the time needed to learn a new behaviour and the degree to which the behaviour persists. There are two major types of reinforcement schedules
1. Continuous Reinforcement With a continuous method, each and every desired behaviour is reinforced. This type of reinforcement is very effective during learning stage but may become tedious and not practical on an ongoing basis.
. Intermittent Reinforcement With intermittent reinforcement, the reward is given based on the passage of time (interval) or output (ratio). When electing to use intermittent reinforcement, there are four alternatives
?Fixed interval schedule ?reinforcer is spaced at uniform time interval
?Variable interval schedule ?rewards are distributed in time so that reinforcements are unpredictable
?Fixed ratio schedule ?reinforcer is provided after a fixed number of occurrences of desired behaviour
?Variable ratio schedule ?reward varies relative to the behaviour of the individual
Ratios are generally better motivators than intervals. The variable ratio tends to be the most powerful schedule for sustaining behaviour.
Managers are to emphasise on positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviours. He has to ensure that employees performed as desired receive positive reinforcement. Employees have to be let known what behaviours will be rewarded.
There are several principles from this theory that can be applied by managers
?remember that positive reinforcement is more effective than negative reinforcement or punishment as both constitute negative approaches.
?negative reinforcement and punishment have serious drawbacks and side effects
- temporary suspension of behaviour rather than permanent change;
- dysfunctional emotional behaviour;
- behavioural inflexibility;
- permanent damage to desirable behaviour; and
- conditioned fear of the punishing agent.
Motivation ?The Integrated View
After examining the motivation theories mentioned earlier, it can be noted that there is no single theory that is applicable to all situations. However, these theories are not in competition with each other. In fact, many of them are complementary.
According to Porter and Lawler, as cited by Bartol and Martin (14, p.8), satisfaction does not lead to performance in the expanded expectancy theory model. Rather, the reverse is true, performance can lead to satisfaction through the reward process.
Several motivation theories complement the Porter-Lawler model.
To attain high performance with high satisfaction, a manager has to reward high performance. Rewarding a high performance will lead to a high Performance to Outcomes expectancy. Equally critical, poor performance should not be rewarded as rewarding poor performance leads to a low Performance to Outcomes expectancy and ultimately to low motivation among employees to perform. This is the Law of Effect in practice.
Expected results may not be obtained by managers from their motivational efforts unless the employees perceive their rewards as equitable, an issue specifically addressed by Equity theory. Managers need to maintain a two-way communication with their employees so that they will have some ideas of the employees?equity perception. At the same time, the employees have to know the policies that govern the allocation of rewards relative to efforts.
Managers should foster a high Effort to Performance expectancy in employees. They can achieve this through the Goal-Setting theory by being very clear about performance expectations setting challenging but achievable performance goals; provide appropriate training and sufficient resources to attain the required performance levels; and provide timely feedbacks.
Managers have to offer opportunities for rewards (both extrinsic and intrinsic) that have a high valence to the employees. As suggested by ERG theory, valences are different among employees. These valences may changed as some needs are satisfied while others are dominant. An important point to note is that a lucrative reward which do not meet employees?need does not bring satisfaction.
The hygiene factors (such as working environment, job security, performance appraisal policy and salary) has to be in place to ensure there is no dissatisfaction among employees. Performance evaluation criteria is used as a motivator to set the appropriate recognition and provide advancement opportunities that is performance based.
The above integration is more appropriate when an organisation is systematic with all the rules and policies existing and where management has less opportunities to exercise biasness. Multi-national corporations usually fit in better for this type of scenario. However, due to the rigid structure, the management has less flexibility to modify the system to adapt to individual needs, as being suggested by the needs theory.
However, SMI (small to medium industries) do not have this problem. The management has more power to bend the rules and policies to cater to individual needs. But there are setbacks too. There is a possibility of ‘power corrupt?if the power given to management is not properly checked and this may create biasness and ultimately, causing employee’s dissatisfaction.
Conclusion
It is important to point out, however, that motivation must be used wisely. The misuse of some theories and techniques could result in negative consequences. Remember that employees who receive rewards on performance tend to perform better than employees in groups where rewards are not based on performance. Also, if you understand the causes of human behaviour, you can predict that behaviour to the extent that the behaviour can be controlled. Therefore, if managers understand the relationship between incentives, motivation, and productivity, they should be able to predict the behaviour of their employees. Consequently, managers who know this, and know how to apply given incentive, can expect to realise increased productivity from employees.
1. Bartol, Kathryn and Martin, David, 14, Management, nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc.
. Bateman, Thomas and Snell, Scott, 00, Management Competing in the New Era, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York.
. Beer, M. and Walton, R. E., 184, revised February 18, Harvard Business School Note Reward Systems and the Role of Compensation, Manage People, Not Personnel, Motivation and Performance Appraisal, A Harvard Business Review Book.
4. Greenberg, Jerald and Baron, Robert, 000, Behavior in Organization, 7th Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey.
5. Hersey, Paul and Blanchard, Kenneth, 18, Management of Organizational Behavior, 5th Edition, Prentice-Hall PTR.
6. Hunt et. al., 1, Organizational Behavior, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
7. Luthans, Fred, 1, Organizational Behavior, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., Singapore.
8. Mullins, Laurie, 16, Management and Organisational Behaviour, 4th Edition, Pitman Publishing, London.
. Robbins, Stephen, 18, Organizational Behavior Concepts, Controversies, Applications, 8th Edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
10. Schermerhorn et. al., 14, Managing Organizational Behavior, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Mind that the sample papers like Motivation presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Introduction
There is an old saying that you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink; it will drink only if it’s thirsty ?so with people. They will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do.
Some people work harder or exert more efforts than others do. This is why some people with lesser ability can outperform their more gifted counterparts. For this reason, an individual’s performance at work depends not only on their ability but on motivation as well.
Mullins, (16, p.480) suggests that performance is a product of both activity level and motivation.
Performance = function (ability x motivation)
Therefore, if the manager is to improve the work of the organisation, attention must be given to the level of motivation of its members.
Definition of Motivation
The word motivate is derived from the Latin verb “movere?which means ‘to cause movement? Basically, we want to cause our employees to move toward some objectives. Robbins (18, p.168) defines motivation as
the willingness to exert high levels of effort, toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual needs.
A need means a physiological or psychological deficiency that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. Unsatisfied needs will stimulate drives within an individual that will generate a search to find particular goals that, when attained, will satisfy the need.
According to Greenberg and Baron (000, p.10), scientists have defined motivation as
the set of process that arouse, direct, and maintain human behaviour towards attaining some goal.
The act of arousing is related to the desire and vigour to produce. Directing is the election of behaviour, and maintenance is the inclination to behave a certain manner until the desired outcome is met.
Bartol and Martin (14, p.77) has defined motivation as
the force that energises behaviour, gives direction to behaviour, and underlies the tendency to persist.
By examining the three different definitions on motivation, one can summarise that the key elements in motivation are direction of behaviour (which behaviour does an employee choose to perform), level of effort (how hard does an employee work to perform a chosen behaviour), and level of persistence (when faced with obstacles, how hard does an employee keep trying to perform a chosen behaviour successfully)
Importance of Motivation
Hersey and Blanchard (188, p.) discovered that how well an employee functions on the job depends on two variables the employees ability and motivation. While the employee’s ability/skill can be acquired through training, motivation very much depends on the manager.
Motivated employees are likely to exhibit positive work behaviors such as co-operation, accept orders without a fuss, accept criticism, make constructive statements, or even, help co-workers with job-related problems. All these behaviors potentially improve organization’s overall work performance. Besides, motivated employees are more committed to the organization and likely to work harder towards organizational goals.
In contrast, de-motivated employees tend to absent from work, late for work, or they just quit. Absenteeism, in this instance, refers to situation where employees have some control over absences, but find excuses merely to stay away from work. These employees cause unscheduled absences which may potentially disrupt work in progress and hence, affect organization’s overall performance. Normally, these employees are less willing to exert efforts to achieve organisational goals than their satisfied colleagues. Furthermore, when employees are not giving the amount of concentration required to carry out a particular task, this can sometimes lead to below average or poor work output.
Besides, studies have shown that the lower employees?levels of motivation, the more likely they are to consider resigning and they actually do so (Schermerhorn et. al., 14, p. 145). Basically, employee turnover is a costly and disruptive phenomenon for organizations. The higher the turnover rate, the larger the expenses will be. Some of the costs involved include the cost of time taken to recruit, select and train new employees, the cost of lost production time and the cost of extra supervision required for new employees.
Moreover, the company may loose its good employees to its competitors, or, its disgruntled employees may take sensitive information with them to their new jobs.
In summary, motivation is important because high motivational level can contribute substantially to the effectiveness of an organization while the cost associated with low motivation can be astronomical.
There are many theories which attempt to explain the nature of motivation. These theories all help to explain the behaviour of certain people at certain times. Due to the complexity of motivation, and the fact that there is no single answer to what motivates people to work well, different theories are important. Collectively, the different theories provide a framework within which to direct attention to the problem of how best to motivate staff to work and effectively.
Motivation ?The Needs Perspective
There are several theories that are related to identifying the needs of individual, namely Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theory, Alderfer’s ERG theory, and McClelland’s Three Needs theory (Bateman and Snell, 00, pp.418-40). Only Alderfer’s ERG theory will be examined in detail as Maslow’s theory caters more for lower levels and McClelland’s theory more for higher levels.
Alderfer’s ERG Theory
Research based on Maslow’s concepts of needs demonstrated some problems with his Hierarchy of Needs theory. In reality, the need of an individual is not in a hierarchy as suggested by Maslow. It may regress to a lower level when a certain situation exists, or several needs may exist at the same time, or the progression may not be in the order as suggested. This theory has also ignore the significance of culture therefore making it insensitive.
Alderfer essentially modified Maslow’s theory by condensing the five levels of needs and categorise them into three and developed the Existence, Relatedness and Growth (ERG) theory. The major difference between Maslow’s and Alderfer’s needs theory centred around three concepts how the needs are categorised, the relationship between different levels of needs, and what happens when a need is not satisfied.
Alderfer has categorised the needs as follow
E = Existence ?desires for physiological and material well-being
R = Relatedness ?desires for satisfying interpersonal relationships
G = Growth ?desires for continued personal growth and development
Alderfer sees needs as moving back and forth, not just upward in the hierarchy. Because of the recognition of forward movement, that is progression from lower level needs (existence) to higher needs (growth), Alderfer’s theory is also called as “satisfaction progression?theory. However, where Maslow’s theory generally portrays motivation as moving in one direction, that is moving up in the hierarchy, Alderfer feels that we move back and forth among these needs as situation change. Thus, it is possible to regress from being motivated by growth to being motivated by relatedness. This backward or downward movement means that Alderfer’s theory is also a “frustration regression?theory.
The ERG theory also argues that “more than one need may be activated at the same time?(Hunt et. al., 000, p.11).
Managers can compensate an employee by concentrating on relatedness needs (for example, showing cares/concerns and emphasise the “family?aspect of the organisation) when the growth needs cannot be met on the job due to organisation policies or structure. The manager may also motivate an employee (for example, an engineer) who has attained relatedness needs with existence needs (for example, paying overtime or a pay raise) when certain conditions are met (for example, has just bought a house).
ERG theory has also shown to be more consistent with our knowledge that individuals are different, influence by family background, education, and cultural environment. These variables can alter the importance of the category of needs to this individual. People in different culture may see and rank need categories differently ?for instance, Malaysian Chinese may see existence needs (for example, money) more important while the Malays may place the relatedness needs (for example, social closeness) before existence needs.
Motivation ?Job and Organisational Context
There are two theories that are related to the job and organisational context of motivation Herzberg?Two Factor theory and Adam’s Equity theory (Bateman and Snell, 00, pp.4-47). Only Herzberg?Two Factor theory will be discussed in detail as Equity theory concentrates more on the perceived equity rather than genuine equity.
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
The dual-structure approach was developed by Herzberg (Bateman and Snell, 00, p.4) and is often referred to as the Two Factor Theory. His work centred around the work itself and what can be done with it to enhance individual motivation. His work leads him to draw two main categories of factors.
The hygiene factors are related to job context, and are concerned with job environment, particularly company policy, supervision, job security, status, salary and working condition. They do not motivate but serve to prevent dissatisfaction.
The motivating factors, however, are those which, if present, serve to motivate the individual to superior effort and performance. Achievement, recognition, advancement, responsibility and work itself are called “motivators? These factors are characteristics that people find intrinsically rewarding, and are related to job content of the work itself. The strength of these factors will affect feelings of satisfaction.
Herzberg argued that improving the hygiene factors might remove dissatisfaction, but would not increase satisfaction and motivation. Therefore, Managers must work on strengthening the motivating factors to increase satisfaction. Managers can counteract the boredom associated with routine task jobs through realistic job previews and job rotation. Jobs can be restructured to give greater emphasis to the motivating factors at work and to bring about job enrichment. Job enrichment vertically loads jobs to meet individual needs for meaningfulness, responsibility, and knowledge of results. Personal desire for growth and a supportive climate must exist for job enrichment to be successful.
Herzberg theory has it’s own share of criticisms. The placement of money as a hygiene factor is particularly controversial since many feel that money is still a good basic motivator. It is also believed that Herzberg’s model may be most appropriate for white collar workers (managerial and professional workers) and not blue collar workers. Further, Herzbergs theory cannot explain as to why many workers migrate for economic reasons and often having to put up with various inconveniences.
Generally, it is argued that both the intrinsic and extrinsic rewards are equally important and that one cannot be substituted for another. As Beer and Walton (18, p.16) suggest employees who are paid well for repetitious, boring work will be dissatisfied with the lack of intrinsic rewards, just as employees paid poorly for interesting, challenging work may be dissatisfied with extrinsic reward.
Luthans (1, p.161) has also commented that Herzberg’s model describes only some of the content of work motivation; it does not adequately describe the complex motivational process of organisational participants.
Motivation ?Behavioural View
There are two theories that are related to the behavioural viewpoint of employees?motivation. They are Locke’s Goal-Setting theory and Thorndike’s Law of Effect (Bateman and Snell, 00, pp41-416).
Locke’s Goal-Setting Theory
The basic premise of goal-setting theory, as developed by Edwin Locke (Robbins, 18, p.180), is that well-set and well-managed task goals are important sources for motivation. The basic suggestion in this theory is that people are motivated by specific, challenging goals. Goals tell an individual what is important (that is, it directs attention). It is a source of motivation and act as a benchmark of performance. Research has concluded that challenging goals lead to higher performance (Robbins, 18, p.181). Specific goals are better than general goals (that is, it is not enough to tell a person to do your best). Feedback improves the effect of goals on performance.
Managers can utilise the basis of goal-setting theory to motivate employees. When managers set objectives, be sure that they are difficult, challenging, and achievable. An unattainable goal will have an adverse effect, it becomes demotivating. The goals should also be specific, measurable, have a target date for accomplishment, and are jointly set when possible. A goal that was set with the participation of employees will have better commitment from them. Management by Objective (MBO) is a good tool to assist managers in setting goals. MBO is a collaborative process whereby the manager and each employee jointly determine objectives for that employee. To be successful, MBO programs should include commitment and participation in the MBO process at all levels, from top management to the lowest position in the organization.
There are certain limitations to the goal-setting theory. Individualised goals can be dysfunctional if applied to working groups. It will create competition and reduce cooperation (Bateman and Snell, 00, p.41).
Employee performance has different dimensions (productivity, quality, creativity and others). It is also important not to set goal for a single dimension only as the employee may neglect the other important dimensions.
Thorndikes’s Law of Effect
According to Thorndikes Law of Effect (Bateman and Snell, 00, p.414), behaviour that is followed by positive consequences probably will be repeated.
There are four key reinforcers that either encourage or discourage behaviours
?Positive reinforcement involves in providing a pleasant, rewarding consequences to encourage a desired behaviour.
?Negative reinforcement is providing an unpleasant stimuli so that an individual will engage in the desired behaviour in order to stop the unpleasant stimuli.
?Punishment is unpleasant consequences used to weaken undesired behaviour.
?Extinction is ending undesired behaviour by ignoring and not reinforcing it.
Positive reinforcement is being considered as a better motivator and used to encourage desired behaviours.
It is also important for managers to know that reinforcement schedules affect the time needed to learn a new behaviour and the degree to which the behaviour persists. There are two major types of reinforcement schedules
1. Continuous Reinforcement With a continuous method, each and every desired behaviour is reinforced. This type of reinforcement is very effective during learning stage but may become tedious and not practical on an ongoing basis.
. Intermittent Reinforcement With intermittent reinforcement, the reward is given based on the passage of time (interval) or output (ratio). When electing to use intermittent reinforcement, there are four alternatives
?Fixed interval schedule ?reinforcer is spaced at uniform time interval
?Variable interval schedule ?rewards are distributed in time so that reinforcements are unpredictable
?Fixed ratio schedule ?reinforcer is provided after a fixed number of occurrences of desired behaviour
?Variable ratio schedule ?reward varies relative to the behaviour of the individual
Ratios are generally better motivators than intervals. The variable ratio tends to be the most powerful schedule for sustaining behaviour.
Managers are to emphasise on positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviours. He has to ensure that employees performed as desired receive positive reinforcement. Employees have to be let known what behaviours will be rewarded.
There are several principles from this theory that can be applied by managers
?remember that positive reinforcement is more effective than negative reinforcement or punishment as both constitute negative approaches.
?negative reinforcement and punishment have serious drawbacks and side effects
- temporary suspension of behaviour rather than permanent change;
- dysfunctional emotional behaviour;
- behavioural inflexibility;
- permanent damage to desirable behaviour; and
- conditioned fear of the punishing agent.
Motivation ?The Integrated View
After examining the motivation theories mentioned earlier, it can be noted that there is no single theory that is applicable to all situations. However, these theories are not in competition with each other. In fact, many of them are complementary.
According to Porter and Lawler, as cited by Bartol and Martin (14, p.8), satisfaction does not lead to performance in the expanded expectancy theory model. Rather, the reverse is true, performance can lead to satisfaction through the reward process.
Several motivation theories complement the Porter-Lawler model.
To attain high performance with high satisfaction, a manager has to reward high performance. Rewarding a high performance will lead to a high Performance to Outcomes expectancy. Equally critical, poor performance should not be rewarded as rewarding poor performance leads to a low Performance to Outcomes expectancy and ultimately to low motivation among employees to perform. This is the Law of Effect in practice.
Expected results may not be obtained by managers from their motivational efforts unless the employees perceive their rewards as equitable, an issue specifically addressed by Equity theory. Managers need to maintain a two-way communication with their employees so that they will have some ideas of the employees?equity perception. At the same time, the employees have to know the policies that govern the allocation of rewards relative to efforts.
Managers should foster a high Effort to Performance expectancy in employees. They can achieve this through the Goal-Setting theory by being very clear about performance expectations setting challenging but achievable performance goals; provide appropriate training and sufficient resources to attain the required performance levels; and provide timely feedbacks.
Managers have to offer opportunities for rewards (both extrinsic and intrinsic) that have a high valence to the employees. As suggested by ERG theory, valences are different among employees. These valences may changed as some needs are satisfied while others are dominant. An important point to note is that a lucrative reward which do not meet employees?need does not bring satisfaction.
The hygiene factors (such as working environment, job security, performance appraisal policy and salary) has to be in place to ensure there is no dissatisfaction among employees. Performance evaluation criteria is used as a motivator to set the appropriate recognition and provide advancement opportunities that is performance based.
The above integration is more appropriate when an organisation is systematic with all the rules and policies existing and where management has less opportunities to exercise biasness. Multi-national corporations usually fit in better for this type of scenario. However, due to the rigid structure, the management has less flexibility to modify the system to adapt to individual needs, as being suggested by the needs theory.
However, SMI (small to medium industries) do not have this problem. The management has more power to bend the rules and policies to cater to individual needs. But there are setbacks too. There is a possibility of ‘power corrupt?if the power given to management is not properly checked and this may create biasness and ultimately, causing employee’s dissatisfaction.
Conclusion
It is important to point out, however, that motivation must be used wisely. The misuse of some theories and techniques could result in negative consequences. Remember that employees who receive rewards on performance tend to perform better than employees in groups where rewards are not based on performance. Also, if you understand the causes of human behaviour, you can predict that behaviour to the extent that the behaviour can be controlled. Therefore, if managers understand the relationship between incentives, motivation, and productivity, they should be able to predict the behaviour of their employees. Consequently, managers who know this, and know how to apply given incentive, can expect to realise increased productivity from employees.
1. Bartol, Kathryn and Martin, David, 14, Management, nd Edition, McGraw-Hill Inc.
. Bateman, Thomas and Snell, Scott, 00, Management Competing in the New Era, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York.
. Beer, M. and Walton, R. E., 184, revised February 18, Harvard Business School Note Reward Systems and the Role of Compensation, Manage People, Not Personnel, Motivation and Performance Appraisal, A Harvard Business Review Book.
4. Greenberg, Jerald and Baron, Robert, 000, Behavior in Organization, 7th Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey.
5. Hersey, Paul and Blanchard, Kenneth, 18, Management of Organizational Behavior, 5th Edition, Prentice-Hall PTR.
6. Hunt et. al., 1, Organizational Behavior, 7th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
7. Luthans, Fred, 1, Organizational Behavior, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., Singapore.
8. Mullins, Laurie, 16, Management and Organisational Behaviour, 4th Edition, Pitman Publishing, London.
. Robbins, Stephen, 18, Organizational Behavior Concepts, Controversies, Applications, 8th Edition, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
10. Schermerhorn et. al., 14, Managing Organizational Behavior, 5th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Mind that the sample papers like Motivation presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
911
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The September 11th Attack
The Leaders
The leaders of the United States are President George W. Bush, Vice President Richard B. Cheney also known as Dick Cheney, and U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell. The leader of the Taliban is, leader Mullah Mohammed Omar. The leader of the PLO is Yasser Arafat. The leader of the terrorist group is Osama Bin Laden.
Who Did What?
Flight Number AndPlane Name Flight Path Target On Board Hijackers
American AirlinesFlight 11 Boston to L.A. North tower of the World Trade Center (1 WTC) people 1.Salam Al Suqami.Waleed Alshehri .Mohamed Atta 4. Wail Alsheri 5.Abulaziz Alomari
American AirlinesFlight 77 Dulles (Virginia) to Los Angeles The Pentagon 64 people 1.Khalid Al-Midhar .Majed Moqed .Nawaq Alhamzi 4.Salem Alhamzi 5.Hani Hanjour
United AirlinesFlight Newark to San Francisco Near the Capital. Crashed in Pennsylvania 45 people 1. Saeed Alghamdi. Ahmed Alhaznawi . Ahmed Alnami 4. Ziad Jarrahi
United AirlinesFlight 175 Boston to Los Angeles (L.A.) South tower of the World Trade Center ( WTC) 65 people 1.Marwan Al-Shehhi .Fayez Ahmed.Ahmed Alghamdi4.Hamza Alghamdi5.Mohald Alshehri
Events Leading Up To The September 11th Attack
Osama Bin Laden is the reason why there is terror in the United States of America.
Osama Bin Laden was born in Saudi Arabia. He inherited $80 million and has lived a life of the privileged. In 17, the jihad called him.
From 180 to 18 Bin Laden fought the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan and at the same time he raised more money and Islamic recruits.
In 10, when United States troops arrived and took on Saddam Hussein in Saudi Arabia, he felt their presence was a desecration to the his sacred homeland and the Prophet Muhammed’s birthplace. He was inspired to take on a second superpower, and Bin Laden had the funds to do so from his fortune he inherited. He was offended by Christian and Jewish soldiers, rock music, and women who wore pants and drove cars.
In 16, he was expelled from the Sudan because he began to organize his old war comrades into a terrorist network. When he returned to Afghanistan, as a guest of the Taliban, Osama Bin Laden expanded his syndicate and declared a holy war against the United States of America. His goal is to get rid of all infidels from Islamic lands and build a worldwide Islamic state.
My Own Opinion
I feel very sad about the events of September and Osama Bin Laden must be punished for his crimes. I think there should be no war but in order to have peace and end terrorism the USA must declare war on Osama Bin Laden and any people who support, take in or protect terrorist.
Mind that the sample papers like 911 presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The September 11th Attack
The Leaders
The leaders of the United States are President George W. Bush, Vice President Richard B. Cheney also known as Dick Cheney, and U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell. The leader of the Taliban is, leader Mullah Mohammed Omar. The leader of the PLO is Yasser Arafat. The leader of the terrorist group is Osama Bin Laden.
Who Did What?
Flight Number AndPlane Name Flight Path Target On Board Hijackers
American AirlinesFlight 11 Boston to L.A. North tower of the World Trade Center (1 WTC) people 1.Salam Al Suqami.Waleed Alshehri .Mohamed Atta 4. Wail Alsheri 5.Abulaziz Alomari
American AirlinesFlight 77 Dulles (Virginia) to Los Angeles The Pentagon 64 people 1.Khalid Al-Midhar .Majed Moqed .Nawaq Alhamzi 4.Salem Alhamzi 5.Hani Hanjour
United AirlinesFlight Newark to San Francisco Near the Capital. Crashed in Pennsylvania 45 people 1. Saeed Alghamdi. Ahmed Alhaznawi . Ahmed Alnami 4. Ziad Jarrahi
United AirlinesFlight 175 Boston to Los Angeles (L.A.) South tower of the World Trade Center ( WTC) 65 people 1.Marwan Al-Shehhi .Fayez Ahmed.Ahmed Alghamdi4.Hamza Alghamdi5.Mohald Alshehri
Events Leading Up To The September 11th Attack
Osama Bin Laden is the reason why there is terror in the United States of America.
Osama Bin Laden was born in Saudi Arabia. He inherited $80 million and has lived a life of the privileged. In 17, the jihad called him.
From 180 to 18 Bin Laden fought the Soviet invasion in Afghanistan and at the same time he raised more money and Islamic recruits.
In 10, when United States troops arrived and took on Saddam Hussein in Saudi Arabia, he felt their presence was a desecration to the his sacred homeland and the Prophet Muhammed’s birthplace. He was inspired to take on a second superpower, and Bin Laden had the funds to do so from his fortune he inherited. He was offended by Christian and Jewish soldiers, rock music, and women who wore pants and drove cars.
In 16, he was expelled from the Sudan because he began to organize his old war comrades into a terrorist network. When he returned to Afghanistan, as a guest of the Taliban, Osama Bin Laden expanded his syndicate and declared a holy war against the United States of America. His goal is to get rid of all infidels from Islamic lands and build a worldwide Islamic state.
My Own Opinion
I feel very sad about the events of September and Osama Bin Laden must be punished for his crimes. I think there should be no war but in order to have peace and end terrorism the USA must declare war on Osama Bin Laden and any people who support, take in or protect terrorist.
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