war of independance

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Topic Discuss what Pakistan’s gaining it’s independence form the British in 147 would be like.


It was the year 1857. I was about 15 years old when the war took place, the war of independence. The sights and sounds of the war are still fresh in my mind. It was the first step towards the freedom of Pakistan. It was a war that taught me a lot of things, especially the importance of fighting for a separate country for Muslims. My father was a martyr of this war, and today I am glad to know that his efforts to oust the British from his motherland did not go fruitless.


My father, Ghulam Muhammad Khan, was a soldier in the rd light Cavalry in Meerut, India, which is where the mutiny started. One day ‘baba’ came back from work, and I overheard him talk in high tones with my mom in the other room. Since I was always curious, I decided to eavesdrop on their conversation. He was telling my mother about the new rifles that the British were supplying to his cavalry. Rumor had it that the cartridges had pig and cow fat rubbed onto them. Cows were holy to his Hindu friends, and pigs are forbidden animals for the Muslims. He went on about how the British were using these animal products only to tease and torment the people of India. Even without experience of the hardships and rigors of being a soldier, it was not hidden from even me that the British had many a time tried to taunt the Indians’ ego; however, their attitude was increasingly menacing towards the Muslims. They looked at Muslims as a threat to their rule, because the Muslims had ruled over India for more than a century. Thus, it could be just a matter of time before they turn the tables once again. The rumors about the tampering of cartridges were later confirmed by reliable sources. Other soldiers in my dad’s cavalry seemed agitated enough to rebel.


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The sepoys (name given to Indian soldiers) of the rd light cavalry alongside the 11th and 0th native infantry, refused to use the cartridges. Whenever they would be given the order to ‘load’ their rifles, they would ignore the command. Therefore, the British would remove one unit after the other from the Bengal Army. Consequently, the soldiers had to return home without pay, without pension, and without even a bit of pride that they had once felt in their uniforms. This disgrace left the Indian soldiers with a lot of hatred for the British officers, who they once respected. My dad and the soldiers in his cavalry decided to decline the use of the cartridges as well. The refusals bothered the British so much that they resorted to inhumane acts. On Saturday, the th of May 1857, the entire Indian infantry was paraded naked before the divisional commander, Major-General William H. Hewitt, known as ‘Bloody Bill’. This mortifying act was done to humiliate the eighty-five soldiers of the rd Cavalry (including my father), who had refused to use the cartridges. The men were stripped of their uniforms, fastened with leg irons, and marched off to ten years imprisonment.


On the following day, May 10th, the three outraged Indian regiments rebelled. “They came wearing white pantaloons and white close-fitting linen jackets and shouting, “Allah-I-Allah maaro Farangi”(with the name of God, kill the foreigner).” They released the imprisoned men and attacked any British officers that tried to stop them. The revolting soldiers had to get more reinforcements and wanted leadership so that they could stand strong against the British army, which was bigger and far better equipped than them. They decided to head for Delhi, where they found the old Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, and decided to make him their leader. Unfortunately, the Great Mughal was very old and weak, and many civilians thought that he was not capable of being an influential leader. The Indian soldiers at Delhi welcomed them with open arms. Nearly 80,000 soldiers from Nimuch, Nasirabad, and Ambala joined the freedom fighters. The British army was driven out of Delhi, and the Indian soldiers got control of the city. Thus, the royal glory of Bahadur Shah Zafar II was restored. The news of the mutiny spread all over India, and Indian soldiers at Luckhnow, Calcutta, Cawnpore, and Gawalior all rebelled against their officers. I heard stories about the great leader, Nana Sahib, leading the soldiers in Calcutta against the British. Also, there were the stories of the amazing lady, Raani of Jhansi, who led the soldiers at Gawalior to take over their British officers.


The Indian soldiers were very successful in the beginning and in no time almost half of the Indian sub continent was in the control of the local troops. The Indian army captured the important cities of Haryana, Uttar Pardesh, Madhya Pardesh, and Bihar.


The British were totally shocked by the rebellions and did not know what to do, so they called for reinforcements from their homeland. As soon as the British reinforcements arrived, a new savagery was started by the British troops. The British army took their revenge in the most gruesome manner. They not only fought against the soldiers but also started killing innocent people. The inhabitants of Delhi were massacred indiscriminately to avenge the killing of the British. Even women and children were treacherously slaughtered. General Neil, the General of the battalion at Calcutta, ordered his men, “Attack and destroy all the villages of Mubgoon and it’s neighborhoods; slaughter all the men; take no prisoners… All sepoys found without papers from regiments that have mutinied and who can not give good accounts of themselves, are to be hanged forth with…I wish to show the natives of India that the punishment inflicted by us for such deeds will be the heaviest, the most revolting to their feelings, and what they must ever remember” (give citation). The mutineers were hanged or blown from guns, and no one ever received a trial. The bodies of the freedom fighters lay all over the country, and the air was filled with the scent of Indian blood. Many villages were totally destroyed, and huts were blackened with fire. You could hear the cries of women and children, because of dead family members or pleading for mercy from the British soldiers. The British soldiers were also successful in executing some great Indian leaders like Raani of Jhansi and Nana Sahib. These martyrs were killed while fighting in the battlefield.


Amidst the tragic events that were happening all over the country, it became increasingly obvious that it was just a matter of time before they got to my father. I remember us leaving the house that we had in central Meerut, and fleeing through the dark alleys of the war stricken city. One fateful night when we were sleeping on a dusty street, we were woken up by harsh voices speaking in English. We were horrified to see British soldiers. They dragged all three of us to a nearby massacre ground. Here, my father was separated from my mother and I, and he was put at the end of the line with other sepoys who were awaiting their death. The line seemed endless but slowly as the first streaks of dawn spread over the sky, the line suddenly seemed dead short. As my father was pushed onto the guillotine, my mother howled and turned my face the other way. The next scene that I can recall is of my father’s headless body lurching forward onto the ground.


The British reached the height of brutality while dealing with the heirs of the royal family. Captain Hudson, a ruthless British commander, captured the Mughal Emperor and subjected him to the most inhumane torture and humiliation. The emperor’s sons Mirza Mughal, Mirza Sultan, and Mirza Abu Bakar were slaughtered. Their bodies were beheaded and their heads were presented to the aging emperor in the prison.


So to speak, the war of 1857 was an eye opener for all Indians. The war finally ended in 1858. It was the fiercest, bloodiest war ever fought on Indian soil. The British like to call it just a mutiny, but it was far more than a mutiny, it was a war, the war of Independence.








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