fhlaf

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like fhlaf even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like fhlaf in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

v


Urban Sprawl


Urban Sprawl-Growing too fast!


Many cities seem to be growing too fast despite the fact that the actual population is remaining the same. Most of it that took





place was the further building of housing (lower density, i.e. fewer people living in each house, as opposed to many which was


apparent in years before). Why did it grow? The main reason why it grew, or why it is still growing now, is mainly due to the


standards of living improving. Because of this small families were able to purchase a house of their own. More people are now


able to afford city housing so this gives rise to the problem of urban sprawl. Improvements to public and private transport


enabled urban workers to live further from their places of work. They were able to afford to live in the city so thus it gradually


enlarges. The fact of suburban attraction increases a cities size- a house and garden and on the whole a pleasant neighbourhood


encourages people to move.


Many of the houses in the city belong to the elderly( perhaps just one man/woman living on her own) or just a couple even


perhaps single parents. The low-density housing means that there must be more of it so it causes the city to expand and develop


due to the gradual need of it. Because of the expansion of housing, it may fringe on the green belt where development cannot


take place without permission. Along the rural/urban fringes factories, offices and in some cases motorways have been built


which on the whole adds to the problem. More people will move to the city because of these work opportunities. Canterbury is


an example that has undergone urban sprawl. Development of commercial businesses such as PC World or Carpet Stores have


meant that the city has expanded perhaps not for the better.


Years ago many people would live in one house alone, however it is different now. There are smaller families and also a higher


demand for the actual housing. We can say that urban sprawl is the way that cities grow and expand all over its surrounding


areas, even over agricultural land when there is little. The way that industries or housing in particular redevelop cause this


London, has been a victim of Urban sprawl for a long time now. Even in the early 140s people began to feel that the city had


become unacceptably large and congested. It was felt that too many of the nations jobs were concentrated in one city, despite


the fact that unemployment was high in other parts of the country. People felt that the only way to deal with the overcrowded


areas of London was to move some of the population out of the capital altogether- housing should be decentralised


To achieve ths aim, a ring around London up to 50 km from the centre was designated as a green belt. The land could not be


built on without special permission from the planners and the government. Small villages that were there already were allowed


to remain but could not be expanded, as well as farmland protected. This was to stop the city expanding endlessly.


New Towns were also to be created which would also prevent the problem, built in a ring not more than 50 km from the


capital. Theses new towns would draw 80,000 people, as well as jobs, from the city- therefore meaning that there were fewer


crowded areas. The new settlements were to be built beyond the Green belt, far a way from London. Each new town, perhaps


London not the only case doing this, would have a population between 50,000 and 80,000. Examples such as Stevenage,


Hatfield and Harlow are all examples which underwent the change.


Actually enlarging the towns would solve the problems which the cities face- called Enlarged Towns. There were about


twenty-eight of them, including Ashford and Peterborough. This plan was based on the idea that population in the S.E region


would not grow to any extent, however this proved to be false, the birth rate rising between 155 and 164.


In 164 the government authorities produced a new plan to cope with the population growth that Abercrombie had failed to


anticipate. It aimed at finding homes for an extra one million people leaving London and .5 million being born in the SE. The


plan proposed the building of a second series of New and Expanded towns. They would be bigger in size and at a greater


distance from the capital. One large town (Milton Keynes) was built as well as three other towns were expanded, thus, as I


have said before, moving or encouraging more people to live there as opposed to the capital.


The green belts were also a solution to the problem of urban sprawl. The Green Belt is a zone of land around London which


building development is controlled. The belt is up to 5 km wide and has many towns within it. The belt, as I have said, was


built to stop the sprawl of London and to prevent the merging of neighbouring towns. In 147 the Town and Country Planning


Act was passed requiring landowners to get permission from their local authority if they wished to change the use of any of the


land. Obviously the main aims of the Green Belt was to stop the continuing building or redevelopment which took place all the


time. It hopes to leave areas of land free from expansion, in a way unspoiled by the cities growing issues.


Setting up the Green Belt was a reaction against the huge volume of building in London between the wars. Farmland was being


lost, as well as towns and villages were being caught in the citys sprawl. On the whole London was becoming too big. The


Green Belts helped to restrict the harmful activities which always seen to grow on the city edge, such as sewage works.


We can say that in many reasons the Green Belt has become quite successful. Only about 5-10 % of the land that was originally


designated has been built on. In the late 170s the area of the Green Belt was extended by about 50% at the request of the


local planning authorities.


Although the idea was adopted by most other cities in Britain, the Green Belt around London has not been without its critics.


Planners in the 10s and 140s did not foresee the rate at which London would grow in the 160s. Migration into London


and the rising birth rates meant tat more people wanted to live in London. As the city could no longer expand outwards, these


people had to look to towns beyond the Green Belt. Despite the good the Green Belt has done, it has become rather run down


in comparison to before. To the west of London, the impact of gravel workings and motorways is all too clear, as well as


Heathrow airport. Not enough encouragement has been given to land uses that are acceptable, such as agricultural, and


evidence shows that the Belt is used for recreation only by those living on the edge of London.


Case Study-Milton Keynes


We know already that Milton Keynes is an example of a New Town- a new area of land designated for people to move from


London, in particular to relieve it of its overcrowding problem. The area once contained four small towns, 1 villages, and


about 40,00 residents. However despite the problems the town has solved, it is still regarded as a town lacking busy street life


and urban presence. Milton Keynes is the last of more than 0 new or greatly expanded towns in Britain to be commissioned


since the Second World War. It was designed for several reasons


1. To accommodate over spill population from the major conurbations where war-damaged properties and slum housing


areas were being cleared and where a poor and overcrowded urban environment was encouraging people and industry


to search for somewhere better.


. To provide an attractive growth node for industry, with good communication facilities.


. To improve the quality of urban life by providing safe, attractive, well planned environments.


From its first conception Milton Keynes was going to be different, with low density housing in a rural setting, modern work


locations, congestion free roads and a clean attractive environment for all its residents. However this was in contrast to the New


Towns, which had not worked as well, combating the problems.


Milton Keynes has fast, efficient communications that offer easy access to London, to the UKs main markets, and to mainland


Europe which would obviously act as an advantage. As well as relieving the urban sprawl problems, many other benefits can be


seen from it. Over ,000 businesses provide work for 0,00 employees, of whom 80% are skilled, managerial or professional.


Milton Keynes employment record outperforms both there national average and that of the south-east. The city will be the first


to expand again once the economic conditions improve. As well as the actual employment issue, there is also the housing point


of view. Over ,000 homes are being built each year. House prices are also lower than those in London, which will encourage


people to move there.


Another example of whom is making use of the Green Belt issue is the Hertfordshire County Council, who are planning to build


10,000 new homes near Stevenage. It solves the problem of where to build the huge quantities of housing which Britain needs


so much. The government is projecting a demand for 4.4 million extra homes by 016- a percent increase.


Many towns surrounded by belts have now grown right up to the inside edge of them. There is little countryside left inside, and


what there is likely to be fiercely protected by residents. Each year an are of countryside the size of Bristol is urbanised. Census


statistics show that each day 00 people leave Britains biggest cities to live in rural areas.


In Hertfordshire, more than half the countys remaining countryside has been designated as Green Belt, giving it extra protection


from development which in many areas is continually taking place.


New Towns


The new town concept began in 144 with the publication of the Greater London Plan, in which entirely new settlements were


proposed for the south east in order to push away the problem of overspill population. Unlike expanding or satellite towns,


these New Towns were to be self sufficient units, having a full range of manufacturing, services, shopping and entertainment


facilities, providing employment for all their won inhabitants, and containing a balance of social communities. By the 146 new


Towns act, the building of the first of these settlements was under was, and by 174 there were in existence, with still today


a growing number. Now, over 1.5 million people in Britain live in New Towns, despite the difference in general appearance.


There were three main phases, showing the different planning objectives and ideas, each showing a different features of the new


town


Stage 1


The first 14 New towns, Stevenage, Harlow, Crawley, were built to strict and flexible plans. Neighbourhood units were central


to their structures, each being a separate community containing about 5000 people and having its own school, church etc. Low


housing densities were also a feature.


Stage


The neighbourhood unit was less strictly adhered to and land use zoning was less rigidly applied. Housing densities were


increased, a greater number of flats were built and more private development was allowed. Schools and shops were dispersed


more through residential areas and many separate factory estates were sited on the urban edge.


Stage


Seventeen New towns appeared; Milton Keynes, Irvine and Ballymena. In general they were larger and less self sufficient in


concept to the other New Towns. More provision was given to public transport and both traffic/pedestrianisation segregation


and road hierarchy was continued.





Mind that the sample papers like fhlaf presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!