Friday 31 August 2012

Cause and Effect of Price Wars

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When large sums of money are at stake, many companies bend and flex to their limits to guarantee defeat over the competition. Sometimes they take a loss in one area for a gain in another area. There is a cause for every action the company makes, and in return for their action there is an effect. Although the effect can sometimes be pre-determined, no one is really sure what the outcome is going to be until the time comes.

There are millions of cars on the road today and they all require tires. When an owner replaces the tires on his or her vehicle, they can decide what make and model will be on the car. But when a buyer purchases a new car, they do not have the option of which tires they would like.

There is severe competition in today’s tire market between Goodyear, Firestone, and Michelin. They all want their tire to appear on new cars. The tires that come on the car are usually determined by who has the lowest price for the best tires. But companies can bid too low in the heat of a price war. Since the company needs to make a profit on their product, the production cost is lowered, in tern the quality of the product could be lowered.




A perfect example of this happened in 17 between Goodyear and Firestone. They both wanted their tires to appear on the Ford Explorer. This brought a debate to the table. Who could make the better offer to Ford? Well, Firestone did. Goodyear could not match the price Firestone had offered, and at the same time meet their own quality standards. This caused Firestone to take that share of the market, and the effect of the low bid was to soon be realized.

Since Ford had accepted the low bid, Firestone did not have as much money to produce each tire. The lower price directly related to the lower quality of the tire. Also there was less budget for proper testing. Since, Firestone was quick to get their product mounted on the Explorer and on the market, the lower budgeted tire underwent poor, unrealistic testing. Investigators said that Ford never really tested these tires in real world conditions. They ran them at 0 miles per hour for 00 miles at and average temperature of 0 degrees, which is not exactly considered every day driving. The effect of these cheaper, lower quality tires was tread belt separation. This occurs when the tread of the tire peals away from the rest of the tire (http//archives………. )

The effect of the tire separation caused many more problems. Firestone was forced to recall 6.5 million tires. The tires that were affected buy the recall were the Radial ATX, Radial AXT II, and some Wilderness AT tires. Only the versions of these tires that have “VD” at the beginning of the serial number are affected. These tires are found mainly on the Ford Explorer and the Mercury Mountaineer. “We made some bad tires and we take full responsibility for those” said Firestone executive John Lampe (Naughton).

The effect of these 6.5 million recalled tires is starting to show through. “We have seen an alarming number of serious accidents from rollovers of the Explorer after a tire failure” said Firestone’s Lampe while arguing his defense in front of the supreme court. Evidence directly relates 10 deaths and 400 injuries to these tires. These statistics were based on 6 consumer complaints. There are also over 600 deaths alone from the Explorer rolling over, but not all have been investigated to determine if the tires were the cause. Unfortunately the number of deaths and injuries is rising every day due to more and more investigations. But many deaths and injuries caused by these tires may never be realized do to the fact that the accidents are too old to be investigated (Naughton).

The effect of the recall, injuries and deaths has brought this case in front of the Senate. Trying to protect themselves each company has begun to point fingers at one another. Ford President and CEO Jacques Nasser stated ”Firestone failed to share critical claims data with Ford that might have prompted the recall of these bad tires sooner.” As soon as the companies are pointing the finger at who is to blame they are also authorizing a recall for the tires that are effected. They promise you that if you go to a Ford dealer or and authorized Firestone dealer the tires will be replaced. But the problem is that 6.5 million effected tires is a lot to replace so there is a replacement tire shortage. Some places will put you on a waiting list for upwards of a year, while others will not have an answer for you. But saying who really is to blame is a tough decision. A recent Reuters Zogby poll found that in 5 blame Firestone, while only 1 in 15 blame Ford (Naughton).

Every time a person or a large company has a cause to do something there will always be an effect of that cause in return. The effect might benefit the decision maker or completely harm them. In this case the effect had a dramatic and dangerous outcome. Not saying that cheaper isn’t always better, but there has to be a quality and testing standard to help prevent situations like this. With 6.5 million tires being recalled, that isn’t exactly a small number of tires (Naughton).



Work Cited

“Big Blowout”. Keith Naughton. Newsweekonline April 00.

http//archives11.newsbank.com/nojavascript.html

Trouble with my tires ?. Newsweekonline. april. 00.

http//archives11.newsbank.com/ar-search/we/Archives?p_action=search&p_theme=NWEC&p_product=NWEC&p_perpage=0&s_search_type=keyword&p_text_base=Firestone&p_sort=_rank_%AD&xcal_ranksort=4&xcal_useweights=yes&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date%AB%CE&p_text_date-0=-1qzY&p_field_YMD_date-0=YMD_date&p_field_YMD_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_YMD_date-0=date%AB%CE&%5B+Search+%5D.x=54&%5B+Search+%5D.y=14 / .

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Sunday 26 August 2012

Adolescence: A phase of mass contradictions

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The topic we will discuss today is the phase of adolescence in a person’s life. This is the phase that is considered to be the best years of one’s life and yet all those who have been through it cannot deny the fact that it is full of mental conflicts and contradictions where nobody can actually predict the mood swings one actually goes through.

Adolescence A phase of mass contradictions. This is one statement that no one can really deny. We will prove this point in the course of our paper and for our study on the topic though we will be considering one of the works by James Joyce, ‘Araby’.

The phase of adolescence is one that is full of idealism and very clear and distinct ideas about ‘light’ and ‘dark’, ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ and ‘black’ and ‘white’. The gray shades of life never really cross the minds of individuals of this age. People in this phase of their lives are extremely innocent and yet are in the phase where they are trying to come to terms with the new emotions based on various physical and emotional changes that they go through. It is in this phase that for the first time one comes across the emotions that seem very real and the most important thing at that point of life. We are pointing towards the starting of feeling attracted towards members of the opposite sex. A phase that though is felt as an embarrassment and a state of total mental and emotional turmoil at first yet becomes the focus of one’s life. We observe the same thing in the life of the adolescent in James Joyce, ‘Araby’.

“Every morning I lay on the floor in the front parlor watching her door. The blind was pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that I could not be seen. When she came out on the doorstep my heart leaped. I ran to the hall, seized my books and followed her. I kept her brown figure always in my eye and, when we came near the point at which our ways diverged, I quickened my pace and passed her. This happened morning after morning. I had never spoken to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood.”




As we observe from the above passage which has been extracted from ‘Araby’ by James Joyce that like any other common adolescent the boy who is the main character of James’ story and who happens to be greatly infatuated with a girl who lives in the neighborhood is facing the same emotional havoc that all those people do who are at this particular phase of their lives.

This age group is also marked heavily with the traits of self-consciousness, which is characterized by being shy and tongue-tied every time one comes across one’s beloved.

A major part of this phase is also spent in daydreaming about carrying out heroic tasks to impress the beloved as we see with the boy in the story “I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes” (James Joyce ‘Araby’) or spending quality time with the beloved.

“Her image accompanied me even in places the most hostile to romance. On Saturday evenings when my aunt went marketing I had to go to carry some of the parcels. We walked through the flaring streets, jostled by drunken men and bargaining women, amid the curses of laborers, the shrill litanies of shop-boys who stood on guard by the barrels of pigs cheeks, the nasal chanting of street-singers, who sang a come-all-you about ODonovan Rossa or a ballad about the troubles in our native land.”

One feels like getting the world for one’s beloved and if something comes in between it causes great grief and anger as the boy himself felt when his uncle despite being reminded constantly had come home late and the boy got late in going to the market to get a gift for the girl he liked.

We also observe that the boy being extremely idealistic has a very strong belief in religion as well. When after reaching the market, the boy finally sees some very harsh realities of life he is highly disappointed with himself and life.

We conclude our essay by stating that the golden era of adolescence though sometimes full of sheer joy and sometimes extremely painful is totally full of contradictions yet when looked back in later age is one of the best and most joyful periods of one’s life.

www.eserver.org/fiction/araby.html

www.theliterarylink.com/araby_essays.html

‘Araby’ by James Joyce.

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Friday 24 August 2012

A Doll's House

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Written during the Victorian era, the controversial play, “A Doll’s House” by Henrick Isben, features a female protagonist struggling for independence and self respect. During the time in which the play took place society frowned upon women asserting themselves. Women were supposed to play a role in which they supported their husbands, took care of their children, and made sure everything was perfect around the house. Work, politics, and decisions were left to the males. Nora serves as a symbol for women of the time; women who were thought to be content with the luxuries of modern society with no thought or care of the world in which they lived.

By presenting this theme of the relationship between women and their surroundings at the beginning, Ibsen indicates that this is the most basic and important idea at work in the play. As the play reveals, Nora does delight in material wealth, having been labeled a spendthrift from an early age. “You’re never at a loss for scaring up money; but the moment you have it, it runs right out through your fingers...Its deep in your blood. Yes, these things are hereditary, Nora” (Ibsen, 1), Torvald tells Nora. She has the attitude that money is the key to happiness. However, it is also clear that Noras simplistic approach to the world is not entirely her fault. Torvalds treatment of Nora as a small helpless child only contributes to Noras separation from reality. Just as Nora relates to the exterior world mainly through material objects, Torvald relates to Nora as an object to be possessed. He refers to her as his little lark (p.10), and squirrel” (p.11), implying that she is small and helpless. Similarly, Torvald repeatedly calls Nora his little one or little girl, maintaining the approach of a father rather than husband. Nora is fully dependent on Torvald, from money to diet (the macaroons); and, because she is so sheltered, her view of the world is deluded.

When Nora took upon herself to borrow money to save Torvald’s life, she was taking the first step to realizing that she can be in some control of her life. However, when pressed as to whether she will ever tell Torvald about the loan, she replies that she would, but only in time. For now, she believes that it would upset the lies that have built her home Torvalds manly independence and even the basis of their marriage . This suggests that Nora is at least vaguely aware that Torvalds position as the manly provider and lawgiver is just as fabricated as her role as the helpless child-wife and mother. She proved herself not to be helpless like Torvald implied you poor helpless little creature (Ibsen). However, Nora does not at first realize that the rules outside the household apply to her. This is evident in Noras meeting with Krogstad regarding her borrowed money. In her talk with Krogstad, Nora seems unable to accept that what she sees as acts of love could be seen as illegal and wrong. Nora explains, “The trip was to save my husband’s life. I couldn’t give that up” (p.). She refuses to believe that she is just as guilty as Krogstad. In her opinion, it was no crime for a woman to do everything possible to save her husbands life. She also believes that her act will be overlooked because of her desperate situation. She fails to see that the law does not take into account the motivation behind her forgery. Thus her first encounter with rules outside of her dolls house results in the realization of her naivety and inexperience with the real world.

By the end of the play this is evident as she eventually sees herself as an ignorant person, and unfit mother, and essentially her husbands wife. Nora has been spoon-fed everything she has needed in life, first by her father and then by her husband. Never having to think has caused her to become dependent on others. Not only a position in society, but also a state of mind is created. When circumstances suddenly place Nora in a responsible position, and demand from her a moral judgment, she has none to give. She cannot possibly comprehend the severity of her decision to borrow money illegally.




A Dolls House is also a prediction of change from this inferior roll. According to Ibsen’s play, women will eventually progress and understand her position. When Noras husband inadvertently deems her unfit in her role as a mother, she begins to realize that her actions consisting of playing with her children happily or dressing them nicely does not necessarily make her a suitable parent. She needs to be more to her children than a playmate. Although she progressively understands this position, she still clings to the hope that her husband will come to her protection and defend her from the outside world once her crime is out in the open. When she finally confronts Torvald with what she has done, he becomes understandably disturbed, “In all these eight years-she who was my pride and joy-a hypocrite, a liar-worse, worse-a criminal! How infinitely disgusting it all is!“ (p. 68). In his frustration he shares the outside world with her, the ignorance of the serious business world, she is extremely disappointed to discover that he clearly has no intention of sacrificing himself for her. This disillusion marks the final destructive blow to her dolls house.

Nora finally decides to leave Torvald, aware that a true marriage between them would be an act of a miracle because neither of them loves the other, or is even capable of doing so. Nora realizes that, before she can be a wife, she must first discover herself through venturing out into the world. “I have to try to educate myself. You can’t help me with that. I’ve got to do it alone. And that’s why I’m leaving you now...if I’m ever going to discover myself and the world out there” (7), Nora explains to Torvald. The one thing she is aware of is her ignorance, and her desire is not to prove herself but to discover herself. She must strive to find her individuality.



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Sunday 19 August 2012

I just want to join

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I just want to join this web site to better my knowledge of the vast array of fields there are to study. I do not think that there is a word limit or if i have to write so much to get in. i just want to join to help me in school and to use these essays as an example for some subjects that I have to write for. Ok so now i have to write at least two hundred and fifty words so im going to try to fill up this page with as much crap as i can. my sister is in the kitchen watching football. football is very fun to watch my whole family really likes going to football games and making food for when we watch those games. my family just left to go home after thanksgiving and now the house is all quiet. i am weird for sitting here and doing this but i really want to study using this web site. i wonder how many words i have now. let me click the button and find out. nope not enough better keep writing. i think that i am almost there though because two hundred and fifty words sounds like a lot but really it is not. i just is like a page double spaced so that is not too bad to deal with. i doubt this web site will even let me join now that i am free writing to just get in. i think that the title gives it away that i want to just join this web page to get free essays



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Friday 17 August 2012

Management

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Table of Contents

Introduction……..………………………………………………..

Job Satisfaction………….…………….…………………………

Hierarchy of Needs Theory…………………….…………….




ERG Theory……………………………………………………

Evaluate the impact of the key work related attitudes of job satisfaction and organisational commitment on work performance

The attitudes that managers are most concerned with are those related to work, particularly attitudes that affects how well an employee performs. Effective managers should seek to develop the kinds of attitudes that are associated with high performance. Two attitudes that may relate to high performance are job satisfaction and commitment to the organisation.

Job Satisfaction refers to A positive attitude toward one’s job and Organisational Commitment refers to Loyalty and heavy involvement in ones’ organisation. (Management 000470).

This essay will evaluate the key-related attitudes including both positive and negative and discuss the factors which determines job satisfaction. It will examine the work of theorists such as Abraham Maslow, Clayton Alderfer and Fredrick Herzberg and consider their contribution to the elements invlolved in achieving job satisfaction. And finally, it will discuss the importance of commitment by the organisation in order to ensure that an acceptable level of work performance is achieved.



Motivation



Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

The concept of a hierarchy of needs was advanced by Abraham Maslow (14), a phychologist. Maslow proposes that humans are motivated by a variety of needs, and that these needs exist in a hierarchial order as shown in the table below.

Fulfillment off the Job Need Hierarchy Fulfillment on the Job

Education, religion, hobbies, personal growth Self-Actualisation Needs Opportunities for training, advancement, growth, creativity

Approval of family, friends, community Esteem Needs Recognition, high status, increased responsibilities

Family, friends, community groups Belongingness Needs Work groups, clients, co-workers, supervisors

Freedom from war, pollution, violence Safety Needs Safe work, fringe benefits, job security

Food, water, sex Physiological Needs Heat, air, basic salary

Management (Fifth Edition)

· Physiological Needs These are the most basic human physical needs that we require to survive and these include food, water and sex. Work related basic life needs can be satisfied with heat, air and a basic salary.

· Safety Needs These are the needs that we require for physical and emotional security. Safety needs reflect the needs for safe jobs, they may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.

· Acceptance Needs These needs reflect the desire to be accepted by ones peers, to have friendships, to be part of a group and to be loved. In the organisation, these needs influence the desire for good relationships with collegues and managers and also to participate in work groups.

· Esteem Needs These include the need for respect and recognition (the esteem of others) as well as a personal sense of accomplishment and worth (self-esteem). These may be satisfied through personal accomplishment, promotion to a more responsible job title, various appraisals and rewards, and other forms of recognition.

Two Factor Theory….…………………………….……………..

Organisation Commitment……………………………………….

Summary…………………………………..……………………..

Conclusion…………………………………….…………………



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Should Affirmative Action be allowed in medical schools?

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Should Affirmative Action be allowed in medical schools? even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Should Affirmative Action be allowed in medical schools? in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



I feel that there should be Affirmative Action in Medical Schools. One way to reach true equality is with an Affirmative Action , (AA), plan for medical schools today. Many groups today are not given fair consideration when applying for the long and difficult challenge of medical school, In some schools, without Affirmation Action, the selection process could be one sided depending on the personal views and the social background of the selection board. Affirmative Action can be achieved in two ways. The first method would be by using the quota method which sets a base line for minority acceptance into medical school. The second method would be the case by case method. In this method you have no set base line but special factors and features are used in a selection process. This method is used to reach a goal of equality. Both issues are very controversial. The Deontological Issue for Affirmative Action is one of Compensation. That is a group that has been discriminated against in the past and they deserve some form of compensation. The Deontological Issue against Affirmative Action is that it is Reverse Discrimination. That is a white male was not selected to attend the school because the decision was based on his race or his gender. The ones against AA feel that they were better qualified but were denied entry because of a quota system. The

Utilitarian issues for AA are that the program gives them a chance where otherwise they would not have the opportunity to attend medical school. This program would help elevate them from their social and ethnic communities. Another argument is that a mix of ethnic and socially different people would make a stronger work and educational environment. Another argument would be that the dominate culture would benefit from the cross-culture exchange. Utilitarian arguments against AA are that fellow students will resent minorities that get preferential treatment which would erode morale and it would impose hardships on the individual receiving such treatment. Another argument would be that unqualified people would be accepted into medical school while the more qualified individual was denied admission. This also would cause tension among the groups. i

In review of the Bakke Case it comes to light that a well intended plan took a turn in the wrong direction. AA was intended to ensure that minorities got fair opportunities to attend medical school at the University of California. Mr. Bakke had applied for medical school twice. The first time he was rejected due to him being a few points short of the required entry score. The second time he scored well above the required mark and was rejected again. Bakke filed a reverse discrimination suite on the grounds he was discriminated against due to his race. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Bakke due to the fact that he had been denied entry into medical school due to his race in favor o f less qualified students that were of minority group. The Supreme Court ruled that the inflexible quota system was a violation of the Affirmative Action programs of the school. This decision was rendered in favor of Mr. Bakke and all the while, the Supreme Court upheld the overall Affirmative Action policies. The Deontological Issue in this case was that one special group was receiving the benefits of a program at the expense of others. Many non qualified minorities were selected for medical school over many better qualified white students. In this case the Deontological Issues went completely in the opposite direction in which intended and caused the discrimination of a specific group in the name of quota. The Utilitarian Issue is that the acceptance of Mr. Bakke into medical school would benefit the greatest number of people under established acceptance criteria. ii

Affirmative Action has had a roller coaster ride since Executive Order 105 first recognized it. Many great strides have been taken such as the Civil Rights Act signed in July 164, Executive Order 1146 gave enforcement power to Affirmative Action in September 165, the Bakke decision of 178, Hopwood vs. University of Texas Law School in 16, and University of Michigan’s Affirmative Action policy upheld in 000. iii




It seems that many university officials attempt to withhold information on quota programs and Affirmative Action Policies that discriminate against the majority. The University of Texas Law School as well as the UC Berkeley’s School of Law was involved in a practice of grouping applicants by ethnic group or race. The AA that was in place was actually discriminating against groups due to the race or ethnicity. iv

I would like to think that we live in a world that is free from discrimination. This is not the case. Not only is there discrimination in the field of education but in every day life. There are daily issues on the equality issue of man vs. woman in comparable positions with great disparity in pay. There are many companies that will not allow women to be CEO or hold high positions in the company. There is a feeling in many places that minorities have less of a chance in life due to their social background. The list goes on to include age, color, social status, etc.

In conclusion, due to many variations of laws and standards, we do not all receive equal consideration on all things. Even when the intent was good but the outcome bad, as in many cases, reverse discrimination can occur. Affirmative Action is a good thing as long as the Utilitarian issue is addressed. Ensure that the outcome is best for the overall group, not just an individual. Diversity is good but not at the expense of better qualified individuals. We must have goals, not a quota.



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Wednesday 15 August 2012

What is the role of image within external communication strategies?

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like What is the role of image within external communication strategies? even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like What is the role of image within external communication strategies? in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



Nowadays, organizations are trying to achieve their goals through enhancing new effective methods of external communication. Nevertheless, before any goal could be set, communication must be established to share common needs, plans, thought and expertise inside the organization. According to Ober.S (18) communication is described as

� The means by which information is shared, activities are coordinated, and decision making is enhanced”

The two most important assets of an organization are its reputation as well as its image in the market. Thereby, most organization tends to develop their image through improving their public relations. On the other hand, success will be met through applying effective external communication strategies such as marketing. Public may be an individual or any organization that influence the organization, and from this point the job of the public relation manager arises. The public relation manager will be trying to control the public image of the company. Moreover, his job will include organizing occasions and events that will put the company under good light, and to ensure that the company is showing responsibilities toward the public.

Ali.M (001) & Teresta.V and Sarathy.R (14).






In most cases public relations and external communication appear to interact in their purposes. Both of them are used to create a well-deserved image of the organization. This can be achieved through the working on the following points



A) Communicating effectively with customers.

B) Offering excellent customer care & services.

C) And by showing social responsibility toward the work force & the environment.

Marketing is one of the strategies followed in external communication. Blyth.J (18) defined marketing as

� The management process which identifies the anticipates, and supplies customers requirements efficiently and profitably”

From this definition we may notice that public relations appear to support marketing activities. The table below shows us clearly how marketing and public relation work together.

Marketing objectives supportive PR activity

- To builds stronger and more lasting relation with the clients. 1) Organize a corporate hospitality event) Produce a quarterly customer newsletter.

- To increase the public� awareness of the organization. 1) Organize an open day.) Secure positive media coverage.

- To promote a new range of products more widely. 1) Organize trial sessions) Secure editorial in trade and consumer press.

Ali.M (001,page )

From this table we may conclude that PR and marketing activities should be co-ordinated in order to achieve the maximum impact. However, organization may reach to a point that external communication has to include public relations as an effective tool to support the image of the organization in the market.

To sum up we looked at communication, public relation as well as marketing. Nevertheless, no one can deny the importance of image within external communication strategies. In conclusion, organizations should work in improving their image as well as their reputation if they are aiming toward building an effective external communication strategies.

References

1) Ali.M; 001; Effective Public Relations; London Dorling Kindersley limited.



) Blyth.J; 18; Essentials Of Marketing; Great Britain; Pitman publishing.



) Ober.S; 18; Contemporary Business Communication; New York Houghton Mifflin company.



4) Teresta.V and Sarathy.R; 14; International marketing; 6th edition; USA Dryden press

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Monday 13 August 2012

development of hilton hotels

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like development of hilton hotels even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like development of hilton hotels in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



Nowadays in the world, almost everyone knows there is a hotel named HILTON, which is often described as Hilton has become and is synonymous for the word Hotel. Conrad Hilton is the founder of Hilton hotels who purchased his first hotel in Cisco, Texas back in 11. The first hotel to carry the Hilton name was built in Dallas in 15. In 14, Hilton became the first coast-to-coast hotel chain in the United States, and in 14, open its first hotel outside the U.S. in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Hilton went on the New York Stock Exchange in 146, and Conrad Hilton purchased the Waldorf Astoria in 14.

Hilton is absolutely one of the most important hotel groups in the lodging industry, which owns 4 hotels worldwide, 147,667 rooms worldwide, 8% brand awareness worldwide. There are some reasons about for Helton expanding internationally. The biggest one is the international tourism is been increased in the world.

Region Number of international tourists 10 000 Share of world total (%) 10 000 Average annual change 15-000(%)

Africa 15.0 7.6 .6 4.0 6.6




Americas

(North America) (71.7) (.0) (14.6) (1.) (.7)

Total Americas . 18.0 1.8 18.5 .4

Eastern Asia and pacific

Western Asia . 6.4 0.8 0. 8.8

Europe 8.7 40. 58.8 57.7 4.5

Middle East .0 0.6 . . 10.7

World 457. 68.8 100 100 4.

International tourism trends, 10-000,by international travel to major regions

Region Number of hotels10 18 Change from 10 to 18000s; (%) Share of world total (%)18

Africa 48 5(8.5) .8

Americas

(North America) (65) (41) (481(1.)) (6.8)

Total Americas 408 5164 856(1.) .5

Eastern Asia and pacific 487 1088(45.4) .6

Western Asia 111 171 60(54.1) 1.1

Europe 41 55 10(0.8) 8.5

Middle East 160 1 61(8.1) 1.4

World 1 15406 18(6.0) 100

Size of the international hotel industry

From the first table, we can know the amount number of tourist have a stable increase in the world and Europe still have the biggest tourism market and America¡¯s tourism market share % have a decrease in last ten years. From second graph we can know the number of hotels in each regions have a fast increase, especially in Asia the change percentage is 45.4%. From these data Hilton need international expanding to hold its place in lodging industry. Expand internationalize also have advantages for Hilton. Firstly Through the expand Helton hotels has a huge development and became the largest hotel in the world. Secondly expanding can increase the market share percentage which can make profit increase.

However the international expanding is not easy for hospitality companies. It needs a particular plan. Environmental scanning is very important part of international expanding plan. For example, Holiday Inn insisted on rigid standardization. Resisted by the French and Belgians-as a result Holiday Inn lost $8 million between 171-175 due to their failure to make concessions for local tastes or ways of operating ¡®locally¡¯. Segal-Horn (14) argued that this is what the business traveler and tourist valued most. The American influence was dominated by economic strength and the political and cultural forces¡­operationally focused on ¡®best practice¡¯. Through this example, if we do not do the environmental scanning, the hospitality companies are always failure in expanding. Because company does not realize the market is fit for hospitality industry or not. The result of this situation, which usually makes the capital and profit loss. In this part Hilton do very well. Hilton has several world-renowned, marquee properties; some of which are Beverly Hilton, Cavalieri Hilton in Rome, Hilton Athens, Hilton San Francisco, Hilton New York, Hilton Hawaiian Village, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Paris Hilton, and others.

All in all, nowadays internationalize expanding is a tendency in hospitality industry. Hilton hotels are following this tendency to expand and make themselves to one of the most important hotel groups in the lodging industry in the world. Hilton solve the environmental scanning very well make she realize the market and put the right investment for expanding mostly which also important reason for hers success in hospitality industry.

Reference

Website

www.hilton.com

www.travelweb.com

www.hiltonhhonors.com

Source

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (001) TRENDS IN TOURIST MARKETS







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Sunday 12 August 2012

economic condition

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like economic condition even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like economic condition in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.



Economic Condition

Economy from anywhere it could be from the United States or even from the UK it self. Can have a huge impact on the firm. The main economical influences on a firm are-

1) Inflation

) Exchange rates




) Unemployment

4) Interest rates

1) inflation

In some things the price of them could go up. It’s because prices in things when time past generally goes up. For example a time piece costing £1000 today mite go up to £1050 in about a years time, But that is if they area no scratches and it’s in a perfect condition.

)Exchange Rates

Exchange Rates is the rate of exchange between currencies in different countries for example. £1 is worth about $10 in Hong Kong.

)Unemployment

Unemployment is a amount of people who are unemployed but are willing to work and that are actually looking for work or that they can work but they can’t find any. But it could be lots more reasons too.

4)Interest rate

Interest rate is the way that bank makes money. What they do is when people needs money to buy a house or a car they will need money so they get loan from a bank. The bank will lend them money but they want a repayment in a certain amount of time and they also want another amount of money which is called interest. So for example if a person borrows £1000 to buy a car they mite have to pay back £1100 back to the bank. So that is 10% on the interest rate.

But people can also befit from interest rates too. Because if some one or company puts their saving in a bank they will get interest from it. If they keep the money in a certain amount of time. Could be something like half a year to a year. And the more you pay in the more you will get back from the bank.

Inflation

Inflation can have affects on businesses too and below I have listed some of the different types of inflation.

1) Cost of raw material

) Sales will go down

) Further consequences-

• Reduce costs,

• Lower wages,

• Dismiss some staff,

• Eventually bankrupt

Interest rates (increase)

Interest rates can have a affect on a company too. That shows anything can small can have a big effect on a business. That why it is hard to have your own business. Below I have listed different types of interest rates-

• Firms cost of borrowing will increase also that means less likely to invest in new equipment.

• Consumers will spend less. A) because they are encouraged to save more so you get better interest rate. So that means they will get more money. Who doesn’t want that B) because more expensive to borrow

Unemployment

Unemployment also has a large affect on a business it’s because if lots of people is unemployed that means they will have no money to spend on the goods that you are selling. So the company will get no money and go bankrupt. Below I have more points on how it can affect a business.

• Cost saving to a firm

• Consumers spend less because their wages or income are reduced because they are not working.

Exchange rates

Exchange rate also has quite a large affect on the business because some times some one mite buy something from other countries and if they do they will have to exchange their money if the exchange rate is really low they have to spend more. But sometimes it can be the opposite it can be that the value of £ incease, foreign goods appear a lot cheaper. So that will attract a lot more people to buy from out of the country. But if that does happen. All the businesses will go down because everybody is buying from out of the country.

Firms that export

A company in the uk that export means that they make the goods in uk but send them out to other countries around the world. So the business in the uk will want the exchange rate of pounds to be cheap so people in other countries will think that things in the uk is cheap and buy from them. So the business in uk is getting more customers and more customer means more money.

Firms that import

A firm that import is a company that import goods from other countries. When importing good the company is looking for the countries currency to be cheap so it’s cheap for them to import. But importing goods cost money to import because importing goods can be from something from an aero plane, truck, train.



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Wednesday 8 August 2012

The Changing Workplace

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The Changing Workplace

My Uncle started working at a very large construction company after severing four years in the United States Navy. He started as a general laborer and learned all aspects of the job. Slowly he worked his way up the ladder, never considering moving on to another company. After a decade of holding various positions within the company, he became manager of a large department. After 40 years, he retired with a sizeable pension and a company gift of a gold watch. He was a “company man”, like many men of his generation. According to Carlson (00), “For most of the 0th century, it was common for an individual to work for only one company during an entire career” (p.4).

There was a day when companies encouraged and valued the employee that started from the bottom and worked his or her way up the company ladder. According to Carlson (00), “Employees expected to work their way up through the ranks, starting at entry-level positions and gaining more and more experience as they were promoted to positions of greater responsibility. When an employee learned all the functions of a department, he or she moved into a supervisory position, and eventually into management” (p.4). This showed that employers valued the employee that was willing to demonstrate a “technical knowledge” (Carlson (00), p.4) of all aspects of his or her career.

In today’s changing workplace, just the opposite is true. According to Carlson (00), “in the 1st century, many people entering the workforce may work for as many as seven or eight different companies during their careers” (p.4).




It is common for today’s employee to obtain a skill set from one company that makes him or her valuable to another company; often these two companies are competitors (Carlson (00), p.4). My sister’s career path is an example of this changing philosophy. She just left her job as a Sale Analyst for a major sports trading card company in Carlsbad, California, for a better paying job with a competitor in Dallas, Texas. The Dallas based trading card company was willing to pay her for the knowledge and experience she had gain at her previous company.

According to Carlson (00), “today, management is viewed as a skill in itself” (p.4). Being an expert in a given field is not required to be an effective manager (Carlson (00), p.4). Companies often look for managers that have shown an ability to motivate people and achieve results (Carlson (00), p.4). In some cases being an outsider is considered an advantage. It allows them to come in with a new approach and fresh ideas that can be very beneficial to his or her new company.

Reference

Carolyn Carlson, Ph.D. “The Changing Workplace,” Workplace Monthly. New York Millenium Publishers, June, pg. 4.











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Friday 3 August 2012

Preserving Human Capital

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Preserving Human Capital

11/1/0

By Joseph G. Bozek to satisfy the requirements of Principles of Management

Joseph G. Bozek




Research Paper Assignment

11/1/0

Preserving Human Capital

Since the beginning of modern history the world has changed significantly due to advancements in communication and transportation technology. Today, for example, the ability to effectively deliver a message to a recipient thousands of miles away using the Internet and other telecommunication networks has had a profound impact on business performance. Similarly, the ease in traveling to desired locations, near and far, by air transport has also had a positive effect on the entrepreneur’s capabilities in trade and commerce. Domestically and abroad, this expediency of movement and transaction has become known and termed as Globalization. Globalization has significantly contributed to a high standard of living in the West by providing developed countries with goods that necessitate and promote wealthy lifestyles. Americans, specifically, have been the subject of mass marketing and seemingly over consume goods that other countries desperately need for survival.

The earliest form of globalization existed in the colonial expansion of world powers such as Britain, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, and Germany. The goals of these nations were to expand into larger areas such as Africa, South America, the United States, Canada, and countless Caribbean Islands in an effort to acquire capital generating resources of land and labor. Many ventures proved successful and facilitated trade routes optimizing the transport of goods creating an effective means of acquiring profit. Essentially this commerce paved the future and fortification of world dominance both financially and militarily. Ultimately, the colonized people who were subjected to relocation, humiliation, death, poverty, and religious missions incurred the largest expense. Consequently, the birth of capitalism developed and has since changed the course of economic history.

The fear of every historian and layman alike is that history tends to repeat itself as a consequence of ignorance and an inability to see past the restraints of profit. Today, as in the time of colonial expansion, ease in trade and commerce established by the World Trade Organization, The World Bank, and the European Union has spawned incredible discrepancies in global distribution. In economics, some would infer that the overall standard of living has increased, and that continuing a similar course of action will ultimately yield healthier, happier and a more educated people. Conversely, evidence has proven that globalization has also spawned mass destruction of non-renewable resources jeopardizing the sustainability of Earth’s eco-structure. In addition, detrimental effects are occurring on developing countries and their indigenous peoples. These range from controversial labor practices by protected corporations, to the possible elimination of political structures as a result of prevailing economic systems.

Globalization has had an incredible impact on the future sustainability of the earth due to an increase in total world population. Since 150 the world population has increased from two and a half to six billion people . Each individual generates a pattern of consumption demanding scarce resources allocated by large multi-lateral corporations. Globalization aids the process of allocative and technical efficiency in order to satisfy these wants. Acclaimed economist Hazel Henderson states, “…humans now consume forty percent of all net photosynthesized biomass produced on our planet.” This process is extremely destructive to earth’s natural resources because it forces the depletion of green space and the ecosystems within, promotes destructive resource extraction by mining for items such as coal, precious gems, and gold, and pollutes a countless number of water supplies.

Unfortunately, powerful corporations in control of production perpetuate this resource depletion. Powerful firms have a discretionary ability to decide on what to produce and where to produce it. International laws orchestrated by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are implemented to raise the “standard of living” in struggling countries reinforce this reality. For example, the logging trade has developed into a huge facet of developing countries economic, or lack there of, growth. Katie Sjursen states, “Boise Cascade has a plan to send twenty million board feet of tropical hardwood to the United States…The international paper corporation helped push for passage of Mexico’s Forest Reform Law, which eases environmental restrictions and provides for privatization of industrial forests.” South America has seen the horrible effects of the resulting self-interest of corporations that hinder sustainability and growth.

Beyond South America, similar practices of corporate global destruction impede on other national economies as well. Mining practices of late practically disregard the environment in daily practices such as extracting gold, coal, and precious gems. Katie Sjursen again states, “Gold Mining in the Philippines has cut large swaths of destruction in tropical rainforests, and many have charged that it is contaminating water sources.” These unethical practices and blatant disregard for the environment are imposing on the basic human physiological needs of people on a global scale. What is more interesting to note are the effects globalization has had on indigenous people and developing and socialist countries as a whole.

The crisis of logging tropical rainforests has reached astronomical heights in areas where tropical wood can be extracted. In South American countries, such as Bolivia, indigenous people are experiencing a cycle of forced economic survival having no choice but to clear-cut their virgin forest to support their families. In the lowlands of Bolivia in South America the Chimanes Indians comprise a large population of illegal loggers. They are forced to break ineffective governing laws of forest conservation to satisfy an international demand. Nathan Williamson, an anthropologist who documents and describes this predicament with professional care states, “The Chimanes are self-sufficient in many ways, but they still need to make money. Although the work is hard and the proceeds are meager, illegal logging is the easiest way to increase income.” Much of this income goes directly to goods that cannot be bartered, such as school supplies and books for their children. This element of globalization creates a paradox between those that need and those that already have.

Another contradiction lies in the fact that many developed countries supporting the WTO and World Bank establish free trade zones in developing countries. This is seemingly appropriate to stimulate growth and progress, but many of these countries (including the U.S.) do not open their economic system of accepting goods. Joseph E. Stiglitz, a former member of President Clinton’s Council of Academic Advisors indicates, “The Western Countries have pushed poor countries to eliminate trade barriers, but kept their own barriers, preventing developing countries from exporting their [products] depriving them of desperately needed export income.” The irony here is ever prevalent and continues a cycle of destructive co-dependency that underdeveloped countries have with developed countries.

Following the example set forth of an increasing hypocrisy between developed and underdeveloped countries, it is extremely interesting to recognize the opinions of socialist countries that have no free trade zones. Perhaps the most fascinating example of the effects of globalization on socialist countries is Cuba. In the late 150’s the U.S., under President John F. Kennedy, implemented a trade embargo in response to Fidel Castro’s alliance with the Soviet Bloc. This embargo essentially stopped the import and export exchange of Cuban and American goods while espousing travel between countries. Aside from these policies based on American trade, Cuba still remains a communist country that doesn’t participate in the global free market. Castro’s position on globalization reflects the gradual economic destruction Cuba has incurred in the past forty years. He states for all similar countries, “There are countries enduring such poverty and unemployment that they have had to establish dozens of free-trade zones. It is this, or not having even free-trade zone factories and jobs with certain salaries, even if these amount to only five percent or less of the salaries those factories have to pay in the countries they come from.” Essentially Castro indicates the plight and self-defeat of accepting free-trade zones encouraged by globalization because labor is so inexpensive, thus resulting in an unequal distribution of income. Castro believes that participating in globalization is ultimately detrimental to the sustainability of the earth and her inhabitants.

Globalization has also spawned extreme discrepancies in labor practices through corporations that violate basic human rights. Often, in an underdeveloped country the only solidarity workers have is their common purpose. Corporations have grown incredibly alert to these occurrences and work extremely hard to make sure that union oriented programs cannot be conducted. If indeed workers proved successful in unionizing, than the potential for a proletariat uprising would be eminent; shifting power from the bourgeoisie business owners. Activists’ Kimberly Elliot and Richard Freeman indicate, “At the Gap’s Mandarin supplier in El Salvador, the struggle began when management fired union organizers to prevent workers from forming a union.” This unfortunate occurrence signifies the on-going struggle of workers in underdeveloped countries due to the accepted global practices of large corporations such as Gap Clothing. Because of the cheap labor and lack of strong legal restrictions, sweatshops are an intricate part of underdeveloped countries economies. Again the activists state, “The vast majority of sweatshops are located in underdeveloped countries. In 000, 85 percent of US consumption of foot wear and more than 50 percent of apparel was imported.” This clearly indicates that most global clothing corporations manufacture goods in their own self-interest, disregarding indigenous people.

Aside from these blatant violations of human rights, corporations have additionally employed children as laborers. These children are forced into work because their socio-economic status is so low that families have come to depend on their income as a means of survival. This perpetuated cycle is occurring as generations of children are missing their opportunity for an education. Fidel Castro espousing these practices states, “The low income of the third world countries’ population and the high percentage of households depending on only one income are one of the main reasons why child labor is higher in the underdeveloped world than elsewhere.” Fidel Castro reinforces the idea that wages are not nearly enough to sustain a prosperous and meaningful life in the third world.

The final piece of globalization that is detrimental to the world at large is the growing influence on political decisions that world economics asserts. Today, foreign policy is usually directed by the amount of monetary gain that can be attained by engaging in diplomacy. Many African states have been the product of this methodical cost-benefit strategy implemented by economically developed nations. US foreign policy is heavily dependent on this system, and is motivated to prevent any possible losses that may be incurred do to poor policy objectives. Attached is a table reflecting the IMF investment in African states between 18-14. It is more than clear that the states with the highest investment are those that are fairing better than states that are currently in chaos. This proves that economic investments are carried out on the basis of the return on investment. Ultimately, this portrays the importance of economics over politics, indicating the unfortunate change of focus in globalization. Conversely, it is speculated that the political system of human representation will eventually cease to be, and the new direction will be based upon the interest of the global economy. Acclaimed economist Robert Gilpin states, “For critics of globalization, victory of the market means the end of the state as the protector of the economically weak against the economically strong, and the supremacy of ruthless market forces and those who control such forces.” Consequently, the rich become wealthier and the poor become even more desolate.

In conclusion, globalization is a force that cannot be reckoned with. It is with us in every aspect of our lives ranging from clothing, food, automobiles, and any other good we have come to depend on. In the end, the person who produces the goods by working countless hours receives a marginal amount of the actual profit derived by the corporation. The detrimental aspects of globalization include questions of the sustainability of the Earth’s environment, the effects on indigenous people and developing countries, and whether or not the economic forces contributing to this global economy will ultimately replace political structures that reflect individual choice. It is very difficult to say whether or not we will benefit from globalization in the long-term. Clearly one goal remains, this is assuring that human society as a whole learns to chose consciences decisions when making consumer purchases; and more importantly, elected officials change their priorities to promote the welfare of all of humanity and its global environment.



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